Simulation methods and data collection for assessing non-image forming light levels and quantifiable impacts on building occupants

大多数照明建筑性能分析侧重于满足水平工作平面的照度标准，并减少对日光照明的需求。医学和照明文献的研究表明，新发现的眼睛中的光感受器比视觉系统对不同波长的光敏感，这有助于我们的昼夜节律系统根据光照的时间、持续时间和颜色，以24小时为周期。昼夜节律系统负责睡眠的开始，全天的警觉性，生理和新陈代谢的关键方面，以及激素分泌的时间。昼夜节律失调会导致癌症风险增加和代谢问题。因此，昼夜节律系统的光响应及其对人体的影响被称为非成像（NIF）。NIF照明分析催生了新的建筑性能标准、模拟工具，以及关于建筑性能分析如何显著提高建筑居住者的警觉性、生产力和健康的早期研究。这项研究旨在从根本上推进NIF照明分析的科学。仔细分析了NIF照明的背景建筑性能和医学文献，确定了本提案将通过新的基础研究来解决的四个缺点：(1)材料反射和透射特性在NIF照明计算中表现不佳；(2)居住者NIF的光暴露是一个复杂的未知组合，包括室外交通、电力照明、采光和屏幕设备的使用；(3)目前的仿真工具无法解释许多在一天中颜色和强度变化的动态变化光源；(4)目前的NIF照明分析没有直接模拟光对居住者的影响。将进行四个实验阶段，以解决这些已查明的缺点。新的物理测量的统计分析将量化NIF照明模拟中的材料特性。使用新的NIF光传感器和基于调查的方法收集的数据将用于定义有关睡眠质量和光照历史的居住者原型，这是计算光对人体生理影响所必需的。将开发一个新的模拟和数据管理工具包，以解释不同气候、建筑操作和居住者环境下多种光信号的相互作用。最后，将实现并验证NIF照明对生理影响的新数学模型。通过在建筑性能模拟领域实施新的NIF照明分析方法和软件工具，本研究将启用新的NIF照明设计方法和指标，重点关注建筑和建筑环境中的更好照明，以提高警觉性、生产力和健康。

Most lighting building performance analysis focuses on meeting horizontal workplane illuminance standards and reducing the need for electric lighting through daylight. Research in medical and lighting literature has shown that newly discovered photoreceptors in the eye are sensitive to different wavelengths of light than the visual system, and these help entrain our circadian system to a 24-hour period based on light exposure-its timing, duration, and color. The circadian system is responsible for the onset of sleep, alertness throughout the day, key aspects of physiology and metabolism, and the timing of hormone secretion. Poor circadian entrainment can result in increased cancer risk and metabolic problems. The light response of the circadian system and its effects on the human body are therefore referred to as non-image forming (NIF). NIF lighting analysis has spawned new building performance standards, simulation tools, and early research on how building performance analysis can measurably improve the alertness, productivity and health of building occupants. This research seeks to radically advance the science of NIF lighting analysis. Careful analysis of the background architectural performance and medical literature on NIF lighting has identified four shortcomings that will be addressed through new fundamental research in this proposal: (1) material reflection and transmission properties are poorly represented in NIF lighting calculations; (2) occupant NIF light exposure is a complex and unknown combination of outdoor transit, electric lighting, daylighting, and use of screen devices; (3) current simulation tools cannot account for many dynamically varying light sources changing in color and intensity throughout the day; and (4) current NIF lighting analysis does not model the impact of light on occupants directly. Four experimental phases will be carried out to address these identified shortcomings. Statistical analysis of new physical measurements will quantify material properties in NIF lighting simulations. Data collection using new NIF light sensors and survey-based methods will be used to define occupant archetypes regarding sleep quality and light history necessary to calculate the effects of light on human physiology. A new simulation and data management toolkit will be developed to account for interactions of multiple light signals under varying climate, building operational, and occupant circumstances. Finally, new mathematical models of NIF lighting's impacts on physiology will be implemented and validated. Through implementing new NIF lighting analysis methods and software tools in the field of building performance simulation, this research will enable new NIF lighting design methods and metrics that focus on better lighting in buildings and the built environment to improve alertness, productivity and health.