Programmable Architected Multifunctional Metamaterials and Metastructures

全球对能源生产、环境污染和经济增长的日益关注，要求为高效结构和能源材料开辟突破性的途径。承载、变形、能量转换和自主传感特性应该在多用途智能材料中共存，以打开前所未有的材料特性空间，满足具有挑战性的需求。多功能超材料可以满足多种功能要求，并提供自然材料所不具备的特性。超材料的无与伦比的特性主要来自于它们复杂的底层结构。加法制造已经成为机械超材料制造的领跑者。3D打印辅助制造的多功能性还允许生产功能化的被动/主动铁电材料，以实现以前不可能用于触觉/温度传感器和能量采集器的智能超材料。大多数超材料的合理设计都依赖于直觉。然而，调整由力学和智能材料领域组成的多功能超材料的无与伦比的特性，需要了解它们的可编程性和尺寸效应特性。虽然超材料通常是周期性的，但超材料/板材并不具有相同的周期性。这些主张有必要发展一种自给自足的理论来设计多功能超材料/结构。这项研究的长期愿景是为有针对性的功能开发一个系统的、而不是直观的超材料设计平台。作为短期目标，植根于细胞固体和智能材料，我们的目标是创造可编程、可重构和尺寸相关的铁电超材料。我们从结晶学对称性类中获得灵感，利用弹性不稳定性，利用多物理刺激，并利用先进制造来引入新的分类多功能超材料/结构。我们求助于细胞结构和本构铰链的精细拓扑设计、稳定性分析、广义连续介质理论、多物理模拟、3D打印和实验热电-机械表征测试。可编程和可调节的多功能超材料/结构将能够为实现下一代弹性智能部件提供尖端的经济解决方案。该计划为HQP提供明确的培训计划，以获得建筑超材料设计、基于非经典连续介质的建模、多尺度多物理模拟、3D打印和先进制造以及实验材料表征方面的独特专业知识。训练有素、技术娴熟的HQP最终将为智能材料创新做出贡献，并保持加拿大在附加制造产品和压电设备方面的领先地位。

Increasing global concerns about energy production, environmental pollution, and economy growth demand groundbreaking avenues for highly efficient structural and energy materials. Load-bearing, shape-transforming, energy converting, and autonomous sensing properties should coexist in multipurpose smart materials to unlock an unprecedented material property space for addressing the challenging demands. Multifunctional metamaterials can meet multiple functional requirements and deliver properties beyond what are found in naturally occurring materials. The unrivalled properties of metamaterials are mainly derived from their intricate underlying architecture. Additive manufacturing has emerged as a frontrunner for facile fabrication of mechanical metamaterials. The versatility of 3D printing-assisted fabrication also allows the production of functionalized passive/active ferroelectric materials to realize previously impossible smart metamaterials for tactile/temperature sensors and energy harvesters. The majority of rational designs of metamaterials have relied on intuition. However, tuning the unmatched properties of multifunctional metamaterials, comprised of mechanics and smart material realms, calls for understanding their programmability and size-effect traits. While metamaterials are usually periodic, metabeams/plates do not share the same level of periodicity. These advocate the necessity of developing a self-sufficient theory for designing multifunctional metamaterials/structures. Long-term vision of this research is to develop a platform for systematic, rather than intuitive, design of metamaterials for targeted functionalities. As short-term objectives and with roots in cellular solids and smart materials, we aim at creating programmable, reconfigurable, and size-dependent ferroelectric metamaterials. We inspire from crystallographic symmetry classes, harness elastic instability, exploit multiphysical stimuli, and utilize advanced manufacturing to introduce novel classified multifunctional metamaterials/structures. We resort to delicate topological design of cellular architecture and constitutive hinges, stability analyses, generalized continuum theory, multiphysics simulation, 3D printing, and experimental thermo-electro-mechanical characterization tests. The programmable and tunable architected multifunctional metamaterials/structures will enable offering cutting-edge economic solutions for the realization of next generation resilient smart components. This program provides HQP with well-defined training plans to gain a unique blend of expertise in architectural metamaterial design, non-classical continuum-based modelling, multiscale multiphysics simulation, 3D printing and advanced fabrication, and experimental material characterization. The trained skillful HQP will eventually contribute towards smart material innovation and keep Canada as a leader in additively-manufactured products and piezoelectric devices.