Development of Desorption Techniques for Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Environmentally Toxic and Biochemically Active Contaminants on Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Water after Preconcentration by Liposome Encapsulation

该资助申请提出了一种统一的方法，用于选择性检测水中的金属氧化物/氢氧化物/氯化物/硼化物纳米颗粒和碳纳米材料，以及敏感地确定与它们结合的环境毒性和生物化学活性污染物。加拿大卫生部和加拿大环境部已使用生物测定法验证了这些新出现的污染物的毒性影响。该方法从样品处理步骤开始，将所有水性纳米颗粒/纳米材料包封到卵磷脂脂质体中。弃去上清液后，离心浓缩负载的脂质体。 表面活性剂分解脂质体并从纳米颗粒/纳米材料中除去卵磷脂。利用配位化学、生物化学相互作用、激光光/光热化学、气溶胶雾化和电喷雾电离将污染物从其表面解吸。解吸的污染物可以立即或在通过毛细管电泳/凝胶过滤/液相色谱分离后通过荧光分光光度计和质谱检测进行分析。 光学非相干散射和电化学将被我的研究小组用于进一步发展，以检测痕量/超痕量水平的纳米颗粒/纳米材料和解吸污染物。纳米颗粒/纳米材料最终进入废水流，从而渗透到水生环境和饮用水资源中。在制备药物产品时，越来越多地使用它们作为固体载体，这需要比传统的水分析更先进的分析方法，以防止加拿大人意外接触释放的药物。测定饮用水中的纳米颗粒/纳米材料对保护公共卫生可持续性具有重要意义。不幸的是，由于缺乏监测技术，许多新出现的污染物尚未在水质法规中规定。因此，迫切需要开发新的分析方法，以监测水资源中新出现的污染物。纳米颗粒/纳米材料、环境污染和健康风险的相互作用是所有工业、环境和饮用水处理过程的关键。这种分析方法将帮助科学家和工程师加强对饮用水处理厂淡水资源中纳米颗粒/纳米材料的控制。拟议研究的新结果可能会挑战环境毒理学事件仅涉及溶解污染物的概念。相反，它们可能涉及纳米颗粒/纳米材料和相关污染物的复杂混合物，其对生物和哺乳动物细胞的综合影响相对未被探索。

This grant application proposes a unifying methodology for the selective detection of metal oxide/hydroxide/chloride/boride nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials in water, as well as sensitive determination of environmentally toxic and biochemically active contaminants that are bound on them. The toxic effects of these emerging contaminants have been verified by Health Canada and Environment Canada using bioassays. The method begins with a sample treatment step that encapsulates all waterborne nanoparticles/nanomaterials into lecithin liposomes. Centrifugation concentrates the loaded liposomes after the supernatant water is discarded. A surfactant disintegrates the liposomes and removes lecithin from the nanoparticles/nanomaterials. Contaminants are desorbed from their surfaces using coordination chemistry, biochemical interaction, laser photo/photothermal chemistry, aerosol nebulization, and electrospray ionization. The desorbed contaminants can be analyzed, either immediately or after separation by capillary electrophoretic/gel filtration/liquid chromatography, by spectrofluorometric and mass spectrometric detection. Optical incoherent scattering and electrochemical chemistry will be adapted for further development by my research group to detect the nanoparticles/nanomaterials and desorbed contaminants at trace/ultratrace levels.Nanoparticles/nanomaterials end up in waste streams, consequently infiltrating the aquatic environments and drinking water resources. Their increasing use as a solid carrier in the preparation of drug products requires more advanced analytical methods than conventional water analysis to prevent Canadians from unintended exposure to the released pharmaceuticals. Determination of nanoparticles/nanomaterials in drinking water has important implications for protecting public health sustainability. Unfortunately, many emerging contaminants are not yet stipulated in water quality regulations due to a lack of monitoring technology. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new analytical methods that can monitor emerging contaminants in water resources. The interplay of nanoparticles/nanomaterials, environmental pollution, and health risks is key to all industrial, environmental and drinking water treatment processes. This analytical methodology will help scientists and engineers strengthen their control of nanoparticles/nanomaterials in freshwater sources for drinking water treatment plants. New results from the proposed research may challenge the notion that environmental toxicological events involve only dissolved contaminants. Rather they can involve a complex mixture of nanoparticles/nanomaterials and associated contaminants whose combined effects on biological and mammalian cells is relatively unexplored.