Electric vehicle infrastructure design, optimization, and emission evaluations toward a full-scale net-zero transportation sector

交通运输占加拿大温室气体排放量的25%左右。电动汽车（EV）和更清洁的燃料是使我们的社区和社会脱碳的关键。然而，不平衡和有限的基础设施是一个主要障碍。不到6%的充电器位于大草原地区，这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中存在问题。此外，尽管加拿大设定了到2035年乘用车零排放的强制性目标，但充电排队和寒冷天气是城市电动汽车出行的主要问题。这些日益严峻的挑战是电动汽车在加拿大乘用车中所占比例仍不到5%的关键原因。本研究旨在为城市和国家电动汽车网络设计、基础设施优化和温室气体排放评估创造知识和方法，从而制定全面采用的平稳电动汽车出行解决方案，并形成快速的零排放过渡。我们的目标是：1)建立电动汽车用户充电行为模型，并研究其对能源消耗和温室气体排放的影响；2)创建新的城市充电网络算法，整合用户偏好，并在部分和全面采用电动汽车时最大限度地减少温室气体排放；3)通过时间、排放、充电频率等多目标优化，识别国家弱电路段，优化电动汽车跨省市出行可达性。4)量化在电动汽车基础设施和网络策略下的温室气体排放和车辆出行动态。由交通运输、智能电网、运筹学和可再生能源领域的新兴学者和知名学者组成的研究团队，将为电动汽车基础设施减少温室气体排放开辟理论基础和大规模应用。该项目还与加拿大各地的市政当局、能源供应商和领先咨询公司等关键部门合作伙伴合作，进行数据访问、案例研究和应用。这项研究涵盖了所有基本的电动汽车移动和网络（城市、远程和国家旅行），将通过数据集成、知识创造和现实案例提供完整的场景，从而降低交通排放，实现加拿大的气候变化和净零排放承诺。

Transportation accounts for around 25% of Canada's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Electric Vehicles (EV) and cleaner fuels are key to decarbonizing our communities and society. However, the uneven and limited infrastructure is one major roadblock. Less than 6% of electric chargers are in the Prairie region which makes EVs problematic for long trips. Furthermore, although Canada sets the mandatory target for passenger vehicles to be zero-emission by 2035, charging queuing and cold weather are major concerns for urban EV trips. Such growing challenges are critical reasons that EVs still make up fewer than 5% of Canadian passenger vehicles.This research aims to create knowledge and methods for urban and national EV network designs, infrastructure optimization and GHG emission evaluations that develop smooth EV travel solutions toward full-scale adoption and form rapid zero-emission transitions. Our objectives are 1) to model EV user charging behaviors and examine their impacts on energy consumption and GHG emissions; 2) to create novel urban charging network algorithms integrating user preferences and minimizing GHG at partial- and full-scale EV adoption; 3) to identify vulnerable national links and optimize accessibility for cross-city and -province EV trips with multi-objective optimizations including time, emission and charging frequency. 4) to quantify the dynamics of GHG emissions and vehicle travels under the proposed EV infrastructure and network strategies.The research team of emerging and established scholars with diverse expertise in transport, smart grid, operation research and renewable energy, will pioneer theory fundamentals and large applications for EV infrastructure reducing GHG emissions. The project is also in partnership with key sector partners such as municipalities, energy providers, and leading consulting firms across Canada for data access, case studies and applications. The research covering all fundamental EV mobility and networks (urban, remote and national trips) will provide complete scenarios through data integration, knowledge creation and real-world cases driving down transport emissions and achieving Canada's climate change and net-zero emission commitments.