Multi-sensor remote sensing of wetland change

这项研究将研究干扰和泥炭地生态系统变化之间的相互作用。有三个主要目标。1)开发利用遥感图像和实地数据测量的方法，以制作可定期更新的准确地图，并捕捉泥炭地位置、植被和水文条件(如湿度)：许多研究领域(如气候、天气和水文模型)、政策制定和国际协定(如《气候公约》、《巴黎协定》)都需要泥炭地地图。以前的研究主要集中在以特定的时间间隔生产静态数据产品。这项研究将整合时间序列分析技术，从而能够创建反映自然和人为因素对泥炭地生态水文特征的影响的及时地图。2)开发方法来识别和表征泥炭地的干旱状况，并利用遥感图像在空间上模拟野火发生的敏感性：泥炭地的水文和地表水在很大程度上受降水的控制，而降水在整个北部泥炭地得到稀疏的监测。在这些系统中，对野火的景观级水文前兆的研究很少，也没有泥炭地野火可能性的地图/数据产品。北部泥炭地加速燃烧将导致碳排放急剧增加，但预测泥炭地易受野火影响的能力有限。通过这项研究，将开发遥感方法来识别和描述泥炭地的干旱状况，并在空间上模拟野火发生的易感性。3)研究野火和其他干扰造成的碳损失的时空变异性：泥炭地储存和固定的碳比任何其他景观都多，但自然和人为干扰会导致水文和火灾状况、植被组合和永久冻土融化的变化，导致泥炭地碳储存潜力的变化。利用遥感技术，并在选定的已知干扰和未干扰地点进行密集的现场监测，这项研究目标将把干扰与碳储存和碳损失的变化联系起来。来自遥感的火前和火后地表测量将被用来模拟碳损失。这项研究将推动泥炭地生态水文学、遥感和火灾科学的进步，开发火灾易感性测绘方法，确保更快的火灾反应和对潜在大火和阴燃的提前警告，加强加拿大人的安全。将开发新的遥感技术，从而改进测绘产品，这些产品将有助于地球系统和气候模型，并为制定基于自然的气候解决方案提供信息。它还将有助于在理解自然和人为干扰对这些富碳环境的影响方面取得亟需的进展。

This research will examine interactions between disturbances and peatland ecosystem change. There are three main objectives. 1) Develop methods to use remotely-sensed imagery and field data measurements to create accurate maps that can be updated regularly, and that capture peatland locations, vegetation and hydrologic conditions (e.g. wetness): Many areas of research (e.g. climate, weather and hydrological models), policy development and international agreements (e.g. UNFCCC, Paris agreement) require peatland maps. Previous research has largely focused on producing static data products at specific time intervals. This research will integrate time series analysis techniques, enabling the creation of timely maps that reflect natural and human induced impacts on peatland ecohydrological characteristics. 2) Develop methods to identify and characterize drought conditions in peatlands and to spatially model the susceptibility of wildfire occurrence using remotely-sensed imagery: Hydrology and surface water in peatlands is largely controlled by precipitation, which is monitored sparsely throughout boreal peatlands. Landscape-level hydrological precursors to wildfire in these systems are poorly studied and there exists no maps/data products of peatland wildfire likelihood. Accelerated burning in boreal peatlands will lead to a drastic increase in carbon emissions, yet the ability to predict peatland susceptibility to wildfire is limited. Through this research, remote-sensing methods will be developed to identify and characterize drought conditions in peatlands and to spatially model the susceptibility of wildfire occurrence. 3) Examine spatio-temporal variability of carbon losses from wildfire and other disturbances: Peatlands store and sequester more carbon than any other landscape, yet natural and anthropogenic disturbances can cause shifts in hydrologic and fire regimes, vegetation assemblages, and thawing permafrost, leading to changes in peatland carbon storage potential. Using remote sensing techniques coupled with intense field monitoring at selected known disturbed and undisturbed sites, this research objective will link disturbances to changes in carbon storage and carbon loss. Pre- and post-fire surface measurements derived from remote sensing will be used to model carbon loss. This research will lead to advances in peatland ecohydrology, remote sensing and fire science by developing methods of fire susceptibility mapping, ensuring quicker fire response and advanced warning for potential large fires and smoldering, enhancing the safety and security of Canadians. Novel remote sensing techniques will be developed, resulting in improved mapping products that will contribute to earth systems and climate models, and inform the development of nature-based climate solutions. It will also contribute to critically needed advancements in understanding the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on these carbon rich environments.