Radar applications to studies of winds, severe weather, temperatures, meteors, and space travel in the atmosphere.

在过去的25年里，我建立了加拿大国内和国际覆盖的研究雷达网络。其中包括加拿大境内用于气象和天气预报研究的风廓线雷达网络，以及几乎横跨美洲极地(包括北极和南极洲)的流星雷达网络。例如，它们被用于研究天气、臭氧输送、大气波和龙卷风等恶劣天气的研究。我已经撰写了关于平均态浮力波动量通量强迫、利用数字技术的新雷达设计、分析方法、平流层大尺度扩散、极地中间层夏季回波(PMSE)和流星尾迹内部结构的关键论文。在接下来的5年里，我希望真正利用这些雷达网。我的目标是在(一)雷达方法和(二)中低层大气动力学研究这两个重叠主题范围内，继续开展各种不同但重要的研究领域的工作。虽然这一广泛的方法可以被认为是广泛的，但我已经表明我有能力高效和有效地处理广泛的主题[例如，参考文献R16]。这些研究的一个统一主题是中间大气层在空间旅行中的作用。航天器必须通过对流层中层、平流层和中间层发射才能到达太空，必须充分了解这一区域的风、温度、湍流强度、浮力波组成和一般大气结构，才能安全发射。一个例子是哥伦比亚号航天飞机事件[例如，Hocking等人，2003年；R27]，在该事件中，航天飞机似乎在其解体之前穿过了逆温层：虽然它不是事故的主要原因，但它可能加剧了事故。最近对商业空间飞行(例如SpaceX)的兴趣，包括计划在低层空间之间在大陆之间飞行，使得对中间大气条件的实时预测变得更加重要。主要成果包括：将我们的风廓线风场进一步整合到数值模式中，更频繁地对当前条件进行网络实时更新，增强我们研究龙卷风和发出龙卷风的能力，雷达风廓线仪与欧洲航天局(欧空局)ADM-Aeolus任务(http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus)，浮力波测量的比较，平流层和中间层的扩散过程，PMSE调查，以及使用雷达测量中间层臭氧密度。主要好处包括更好的高层大气动力学(特别是湍流、波浪、钻孔和逆温事件)的预报能力，从而提高平流层飞行和航天器发射的安全性，以及对地面恶劣天气事件的更好警告。

Over the last 25 years, I have built up networks of research radars with both Canadian national as well as international coverage. These comprise a network of windprofiler radars within Canada for meteorological and weather-forecasting studies, and a network of meteor radars which span the Americas almost from pole to pole, including sites in the Arctic and Antarctica. They have been used, for example, in studies of weather, ozone transport, atmospheric waves and examination of severe weather like tornadoes. I have written key papers on buoyancy wave momentum flux forcing of the mean state, new radar designs using digital technology, analysis methods, large-scale diffusion in the stratosphere, polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), and the internal structure of meteor trails.In the next 5 years, I wish to truly capitalize on these radar networks. My objective is to continue working on various diverse but important areas of research, within the dual overlying themes of (i) radar methods and (ii) studies of lower- and middle-atmosphere dynamics. While this broad approach could be seen to be extensive, I have shown my ability to handle a wide range of topics efficiently and effectively [e.g., reference R16].A unifying theme of these studies is the role of the middle atmosphere in space travel. Spacecraft must be launched through the middle troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere in order to reach space, and the winds, temperatures, turbulence strengths, buoyancy wave composition and general atmospheric structure in this region must be well understood in order to make safe launches. An example is the Space Shuttle Columbia incident in [e.g., Hocking et al., 2003; R27], in which the shuttle appears to have passed through an inversion layer just prior to its disintegration: while not the main cause of the accident, it may have exacerbated it. Recent interest in commercial space flight (e.g. SpaceX), including plans to fly between continents through lower space, have made real-time prediction of middle atmosphere conditions more vital.Anticipated outcomes include: further integration of our windprofiler winds into numerical models, more frequent real-time web updates of current conditions, enhancement of our ability to study and forewarn of tornadoes, radar windprofiler comparisons with European Space Agency (ESA) ADM-Aeolus mission (http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus), buoyancy wave measurements of upper atmospheric forcing, diffusion processes in the stratosphere and mesosphere, PMSE investigation, and measurement of mesospheric ozone densities using radar. Key benefits include better forecasting capabilities in upper atmosphere dynamics (especially turbulence, waves, bores, and inversion events), thereby leading to improved safety for both stratospheric flight and spacecraft launches, and better warnings of severe weather events at the surface.