Quantum state characterization via weak measurements for quantum information

最近谷歌已经取得量子霸权的消息在专家社区和公众中得到了高度宣传和讨论，因为这种量子计算机的应用令人难以置信。量子技术将彻底改变我们生活的各个方面并影响经济的各个领域。例如，电信公司（如贝尔）将开发新的安全通信网络，其安全性基于量子物理定律。高效的量子计算机将使金融部门拥有更多的计算能力，以执行更快的交易。石油和采矿业将能够使用更精确、更高效的传感器。医院将有机会获得新的诊断技术，使他们能够改善医疗保健系统。 今天，光子量子计算机是量子霸权竞赛的领先候选人。这些类型的量子计算机使用光子，可以在室温下工作，并且可以与现有的光通信网络集成。虽然量子霸权的竞争涉及微软或IBM等大公司，但一些较小的加拿大公司，如D-wave或多伦多的初创公司Xanadu AI也参与其中。这家初创公司的座右铭是“构建对世界各地的人们有用和可用的量子计算机。“此外，量子技术的经济影响将在加拿大产生重大影响。根据加拿大量子公司的数据，到2040年，它们将产生1424亿加元的年收入（占GDP的3.4%），并雇用229，000名加拿大人。这就解释了为什么所有国家都在量子技术上投入巨资。欧盟在2018年宣布了10亿美元，美国在2020年8月宣布了10亿美元的量子计算和人工智能技术资金。该研究计划旨在开发一种最先进的集成光学芯片，使加拿大公司能够访问量子信息处理器，以有效地表征量子态。为了实现这一长期目标，将研究实现弱测量的新方法，这是一种非侵入性量子测量，使其与集成光学兼容。然后，实现这种新的弱测量的要求将被转换为可集成在光学芯片中。最后，该芯片将被设计、构建和测试，并将构成一个原理验证实验，展示集成弱测量在有效表征量子系统方面的有用性。最后，该计划福尔斯联邦政府目前正在制定的新国家量子战略的范围。除了提供尖端技术外，这项研究计划还将培养未来的人才。这些人才包括量子研究的未来领导者和量子劳动力最有价值的资产，如量子IT专家、量子工程师或量子通信网络技术人员。

The recent news that Google had achieved quantum supremacy was highly advertised and discussed in expert communities and the general public given the incredible possible applications of such quantum computers. Quantum technologies will revolutionize every aspect of our lives and impact every sector of the economy. For example, telecommunications companies (e.g. Bell) will develop new secure communication networks on which security is based on the law of quantum physics. Efficient quantum computers will allow the finance sector to have more computation power to perform faster transactions. The oil and mining industries will be able to use more precise and efficient sensors. Hospitals will have access to new diagnostic technologies allowing them to improve the healthcare system. Today, photonic quantum computers are the leading candidate in the quantum supremacy race. Those types of quantum computers, which use photons, can work at room temperature and be integrable with existing optical communication networks. Although the race towards quantum supremacy involves large companies like Microsoft or IBM, some smaller Canadian companies such as D-wave or the Toronto-based Startup Xanadu AI also participate. This Startup's motto is "to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere." Furthermore, the economic impacts of quantum technologies will be significant in Canada. According to Quantum Canada, they will generate $142.4 billion of annual revenue (3.4% of the GDP) and employ 229,000 Canadians by 2040. This explains why all countries invest massively in quantum technologies. The European Union announced in 2018 $1 billion in, and the USA announced in August 2020 $1 billion in funding for quantum computing and AI technologies. The research program aims to develop a state-of-the-art integrated optical chip that allows Canadian companies to access quantum information processors to characterize quantum states efficiently. To achieve this long-term goal, new ways to implement weak measurements, a type of non-invasive quantum measurement, will be investigated to render them compatible with integrated optics. Then, the requirements to implement this new kind of weak measurements unveiled by this investigation will be converted to be integrable in an optical chip. And, finally, the chip will be designed, built, and tested and would constitute a proof-of-principle experiment showing the usefulness of integrated weak measurement to characterize quantum systems efficiently. Finally, this program falls within the scope of the federal government's new National Quantum Strategy currently being developed. In addition to provide cutting-edge technologies, this research program will train tomorrow's talents. Those talents include the future leaders in quantum research and the most valuable assets to the quantum workforce, such as quantum IT specialists, quantum engineers or quantum communications network technicians.