Metabolic responses of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry to environmental stimuli

与气候变化有关的温度和降水的预测年度趋势预计将影响全球葡萄酒产区的葡萄产量。然而，在加拿大，这些变化可能有利于葡萄酒行业在未来几年的潜在扩张。预计季节性温度和极端降水量也会出现相当大的变化，这凸显了了解葡萄新陈代谢和成分如何对极端环境刺激做出反应的迫切需要。 我的研究计划的长期目标是调查的分子和生理机制，调节成熟和酿酒葡萄的组成，以应对环境因素和气候。这将有助于葡萄种植者制定可持续的适应战略，以在当前和未来的气候条件下生产优质葡萄。该计划的短期目标是：1）了解糖和激素在调节萜烯中的作用-萜烯是影响葡萄酒质量的强大气味剂。我们将比较萜烯水平与糖和激素水平在葡萄成熟和细胞培养暴露于不同的糖和激素处理。对基因组和转录组的研究将确定主要产萜类的葡萄品种中参与萜烯生物合成调控的基因，以及萜烯基因如何对不同的糖和激素处理作出反应。2)确定气候，特别是环境因素如光照和温度对葡萄中萜烯生物合成的影响。首先，我们将评估阳光，温度，水的可用性，以及随后它们的相互作用影响萜烯生物合成的程度。然后，我们将评估在加拿大葡萄园的萜烯水平的变化和模型，这些代谢产物如何积累在葡萄园的几个葡萄酒产区的气候变化。将通过比较激素和转录谱与萜烯水平来鉴定参与这些刺激在萜烯途径上的传递的激素和基因。 3)研究不同气孔行为葡萄品种的生长和成分对水分亏缺的反应。这将决定在何种程度上不同葡萄藤品种的先天气孔对水分亏缺的敏感性影响葡萄浆果的生长和代谢。这项研究将考虑跨越一系列气孔行为的商业品种，并评估葡萄生长和代谢（糖，酸，激素，酚类化合物，挥发性有机化合物，如萜烯）如何应对水分亏缺。 该研究计划将有助于推动葡萄生物学的科学发展，并最终推动葡萄酒行业的发展，并将在葡萄栽培/园艺领域培训HQP，目的是从代表性不足的群体中招募HQP，他们将为不断扩大的加拿大葡萄和葡萄酒行业做出贡献。

Predicted annual trends in temperature and precipitation linked to climate change are expected to affect grape production in wine regions worldwide. However, in Canada, these changes may favour the potential expansion of the wine industry in future years. Considerable variability in seasonal temperatures and precipitation extremes are also anticipated to occur, highlighting the critical need to understand how grape metabolism and composition respond to extreme environmental stimuli. The long-term objective of my research program is to investigate the molecular and physiological mechanisms that regulate ripening and composition of wine-grapes in response to environmental factors and climates. This will help winegrowers to develop sustainable adaptation strategies to produce premium grapes in current and future climates. This program's short-term objectives are: 1) To understand the role of sugar and hormones in regulating terpenes - powerful odorants that affect the wine quality - in grapes. We will compare terpene levels with sugar and hormone levels during grape ripening and in cell cultures exposed to different sugar and hormone treatments. The study of genomes and transcriptomes will identify the genes involved in the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in the grapes of major terpene-producing varieties and how terpene genes respond to the different sugar and hormone treatments. 2) To determine the effect of climate and, in particular, of environmental factors such as light and temperature on terpene biosynthesis in grapes. First, we will assess the extent to which sunlight, temperature, water availability, and subsequently their interactions affect the terpene biosynthesis. Then we will assess the variability of terpene levels in Canadian vineyards and model how these metabolites accumulate in the vineyard of several wine regions in relation to changes in climate. The hormones and genes that are involved in the relay of these stimuli on the terpene pathways will be identified by comparing the hormone and transcript profiles with the terpene levels. 3) To assess the response of grape growth and composition to water deficit in varieties with contrasting stomatal behaviors. This will determine the extent to which the innate stomatal sensitivity to water deficit of different grapevine varieties affects grape berry growth and metabolism. This study will consider commercial varieties that span a range of stomatal behaviors and assess how the grape growth and metabolism (sugars, acids, hormones, phenolics, volatile organic compounds such as terpenes) respond to water deficit. This research program will help advance the science of grape biology and ultimately the wine industry, and is positioned to train HQP in the areas of viticulture/horticulture, with the aim of recruiting HQP from underrepresented groups, who will contribute back to the expanding Canadian grape and wine industry.