Absolute Coordination

行走和跑步时，胳膊和腿像钟摆一样移动，产生规则的、可重复的间隔，就像时钟一样。它们的运动频率也是一样的。这项研究旨在加深对钟摆运动绝对协调背后的一般原理的理解。人们将在手腕上摆动质量和长度可变的手持摆的实验将涉及以下几种问题：能量是如何通过运动周期获得和损失的？这些得失在四肢之间是如何联系的？运动周期的幅度与其持续时间有何关系？首选振幅如何随质量和长度的变化而变化？肢体之间可能有多少个相位关系，它们有多稳定？如何用物理术语来定义绝对协调？这些数据将通过各种形式的非线性动力学方法进行分析。这些结果应该有助于对节律活动进行正式建模。它们最终应该有助于教授各种类型的有节奏的体力活动，也有助于扩展理解有节奏运动障碍的原因的基础。

In walking and running, the arms and legs move like pendulums and produce regular, repeatable intervals, like clocks do. They also move at the same frequency. This research aims to further the understanding of the general principles behind this absolute coordination of pendular, clocking movements. Experiments in which people will swing hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length at their wrists will be concerned with the following kinds of issues: How is energy gained and lost by a movement cycle? How do these gains and losses relate across limbs? How does the amplitude of a movement cycle relate to its duration? How does preferred amplitude change with changes in mass and length? How many between-limb phase relations are possible, and how stable are they? How is absolute coordination to be defined in physical terms? The data will be analyzed through various formal methods of nonlinear dynamics. These results should facilitate the formal modeling of rhythmic activity. They should ultimately be useful in teaching various types of rhythmic physical activity and also in extending the basis for understanding the causes of rhythmic movement disorders.