Haptic Perceptual Instruments

触觉感知仪器

• 批准号: 0004097
• 负责人: Michael Turvey
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0004097&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Haptic; Perceptual; Instruments

Haptic perception refers to the perception one has of one's body, and of attachments to it, by means of the body. The term incorporates what is commonly meant by "touch," and more besides. For example, without benefit of vision, one is obviously aware of the directions of one's limbs and one can be aware of the spatial properties of objects that are wielded and hefted. These perceptual abilities are expressions of a form of haptic perception referred to as dynamic touch. It is so called because of its basis in the deformation of muscles and tendons, and the consequent activation of their receptors, by forces. The forces arise from either the muscles or the environment or both. Because of the ways in which limbs move around joints, the forces are largely rotational.This research will address the perceptual achievements of dynamic touch and their relation to the rotational dynamics of limb movements. The focus will be on the relation of these achievements to mechanical and rotational quantities, in particular the inertia tensor and attitude spinor. The tensor quantifies an object's resistance to being rotated. The spinor quantifies an object's orientation relative to some reference frame (for example, the hand) in a manner consistent with the special physical rules for combining three-dimensional rotations. A major thesis is that, in the nonvisible perception of an object's spatial dimensions by wielding or hefting, the hand-related haptic subsystem behaves as a smart instrument. It cleverly capitalizes on physical laws and on physical quantities that do not change as an object is wielded and hefted. In some of the basic methodologies, the participants will wield an unseen object to perceive its weight, length, width, or shape. Participants will respond by assigning numbers relative to a standard object or by adjusting (visible) movable surfaces or pointers to quantify the perceived properties. Often, the unseen object will be a configuration of rods that can be manipulated through the precise placement of attached metal rings to produce any desired inertia tensor. In other basic methodologies, the participants will attempt to orient a nonvisible upper limb or limb segment to another nonvisible limb. Most methodologies will involve, additionally, the acquisition of motion data on the wielded objects and limb movements and analysis by nonlinear phase-space reconstruction procedures. The major objectives will be the determination of (1) the dynamical variables governing the perception of heaviness; (2) the achievements and limits of shape perception without vision; (3) the tuning of dynamic touch, overtly and covertly, by specific experience; and (4) the basis for perceived constancy of postures. Understanding the principles governing dynamic touch should enrich our appreciation of the physical constraints that must be respected in computational and neural modeling of perceptual systems. It will provide a source of new hypotheses about somatosensory disorders and about designs for prosthetic and robot limbs. Such understanding might also be expected to motivate more intensive study of the physical principles formative of biological perception-action systems and of the cognitive and neural constraints that exploit them.

触觉感知是指一个人对自己身体的感知，以及通过身体对身体的依恋。 该术语包括通常所指的“触摸”以及更多。 例如，没有视觉的好处，一个人显然知道自己的四肢的方向，一个人可以知道挥舞和举起的物体的空间属性。 这些感知能力是被称为动态触摸的触觉感知形式的表达。 它之所以被称为是因为它的基础是肌肉和肌腱的变形，以及随之而来的感受器的激活，通过力量。 这些力量来自肌肉或环境，或两者兼而有之。由于肢体绕关节运动的方式，力主要是旋转的。本研究将讨论动态触摸的感知成就及其与肢体运动的旋转动力学的关系。 重点将放在这些成就与力学和旋转量的关系上，特别是惯性张量和姿态旋量。 张量量化了物体对旋转的阻力。 旋量量化了物体相对于某个参考系（例如手）的方向，其方式与组合三维旋转的特殊物理规则一致。 一个主要的论点是，在无形的感知对象的空间尺寸挥舞或hefting，手相关的触觉子系统的行为作为一个智能仪器。 它巧妙地利用了物理定律和物理量，这些物理量不会随着物体的挥舞和重量而改变。在一些基本的方法中，参与者将使用一个看不见的物体来感知它的重量，长度，宽度或形状。 参与者将通过分配相对于标准对象的数字或通过调整（可见）可移动表面或指针来量化感知的属性。 通常，看不见的物体将是一种杆的配置，可以通过精确放置连接的金属环来操纵，以产生任何所需的惯性张量。 在其他基本方法中，参与者将尝试将不可见的上肢或肢体段定向到另一个不可见的肢体。 大多数方法将涉及，此外，收购的挥动对象和肢体运动和分析的非线性相空间重建程序的运动数据。 主要目标是确定：（1）控制对沉重的感知的动力学变量;（2）在没有视觉的情况下，形状感知的成就和限制;（3）通过具体经验，对显性和隐性的动态触觉进行调整;（4）姿势感知恒定性的基础。理解动态触摸的原理应该丰富我们对感知系统的计算和神经建模中必须尊重的物理约束的理解。 它将提供一个关于躯体感觉障碍和假肢和机器人肢体设计的新假设的来源。 这种理解也可能会激发对生物感知-动作系统的物理原理以及利用它们的认知和神经约束的更深入的研究。