Haptic Perceptual Instruments

触觉感知仪器

• 批准号: 9709678
• 负责人: Michael Turvey
• 金额: $ 31.1万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9709678&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Haptic; Perceptual; Instruments

Haptic perception refers to the perception one has of one's body, and of attachments to it, by means of sensors in the body. The term incorporates what is commonly meant by `touch,` and more besides. For example, without benefit of vision one is aware of the positions of one's limbs, and one can also ascertain properties of objects (e.g., weight, length)by wielding and hefting them. These aspects of haptic perception, referred to as dynamic touch, have their basis in receptors that sense the states of muscles and tendons. Unlike vision and audition, whose importance to everyday activity are obvious, the haptic perceptual system is strikingly subtle in its contribution to our everyday achievements of perceiving and acting. The fact that the loss of the sense of touch (without concomitant paralysis) is extremely rare and profoundly devastating begins to illustrate the fundamental importance of this sense in common activities such as lifting a cup, using a pen, pointing to a word, or just standing upright. Our research is directed at dynamic touch and an understanding of the role it plays in everyday controlled manipulations. We ask, What can it do?; and, How does it do it? Research to date has implicated the rotational dynamics of limb movements as the major constraint on both of these questions, and this is pursued in the proposed research. Formally, the achievements of dynamic touch are related to the inertia tensor (which quantifies an object's resistance to being rotated) and the attitude spinor (which quantifies an object's orientation relative to some reference frame such as the hand). In some of the basic methodologies, participants wield an unseen object (whose structure has been specially contrived to produce the experimentally relevant inertia tensor or attitude spinor) to perceive its length, width, shape, weight, or orientation to the hand. In other basic methodologies, the participants attempt to orient a nonvisible upper limb or limb segment (with attached splints that systematically control the limb's inertia tensor and attitude spinor) to an environmental target or to another nonvisible limb. A major thesis is that, in perception by dynamic touch, the hand-related haptic subsystem behaves as a smart instrument: It capitalizes on physical, law-based, invariants. Experiments are designed to examine the consequences of different attentional demands (and the extent to which different properties are perceptually independent), different force structures (such as those experienced underwater and in rotating space stations), and in different neural conditions (such as the spurious receptor states produced when the tendons are vibrated electromagnetically). Understanding the principles governing dynamic touch should enrich the physical constraints on computational and neural modeling of perceptual systems and provide a source of new hypotheses about somatosensory disorders and about designs for prosthetic and robot limbs. Such understanding might also be expected to motivate more intensive study of the physical principles formative of biological perception-action systems and of the cognitive and neural constraints that exploit them. s partly supported by the NSF Major Research Instrumentation Program.

触觉感知是指一个人通过身体中的传感器对自己的身体及其附件的感知。 这个术语包含了通常所说的“触摸"以及其他更多的含义。 例如，在没有视觉的情况下，一个人知道一个人的肢体的位置，并且一个人还可以确定对象的属性（例如，（重，长）通过挥舞和举起它们。 触觉感知的这些方面，被称为动态触摸，其基础是感知肌肉和肌腱状态的受体。与视觉和听觉不同，视觉和听觉对日常活动的重要性是显而易见的，触觉感知系统对我们日常感知和行动的贡献是惊人的微妙。触觉丧失（不伴有瘫痪）是极其罕见的，而且具有极大的破坏性，这一事实开始说明触觉在日常活动中的根本重要性，例如举起杯子，使用钢笔，指向一个单词，或者只是直立。 我们的研究是针对动态触摸和它在日常控制操作中所扮演的角色的理解。我们问，它能做什么？它是怎么做到的 迄今为止的研究表明，肢体运动的旋转动力学是这两个问题的主要制约因素，这是在拟议的研究中追求的。 形式上，动态触摸的成就与惯性张量（量化对象对旋转的阻力）和姿态旋量（量化对象相对于某些参考系（如手）的方向）有关。 在一些基本的方法中，参与者挥舞着一个看不见的物体（其结构经过特别设计，以产生实验相关的惯性张量或姿态旋量）来感知其长度，宽度，形状，重量或手的方向。在其他基本方法中，参与者试图将不可见的上肢或肢体部分（带有系统地控制肢体的惯性张量和姿态旋量的附加夹板）定向到环境目标或另一个不可见的肢体。一个主要的论点是，在感知动态触摸，手相关的触觉子系统的行为作为一个智能仪器：它利用物理，法律为基础的，不变量。 实验旨在研究不同注意力需求（以及不同属性在感知上独立的程度）、不同力结构（如水下和旋转空间站中经历的力结构）以及不同神经条件（如肌腱受到电磁振动时产生的虚假受体状态）的后果。 了解动态触摸的原理，应该丰富感知系统的计算和神经建模的物理约束，并提供一个新的假设的来源，关于躯体感觉障碍和假肢和机器人肢体的设计。这样的理解也有望激发对形成生物感知-行动系统的物理原理以及利用它们的认知和神经约束的更深入研究。 它部分得到了NSF主要研究仪器计划的支持。