Bone and Site Modification Processes Among the Okiek

菲奥娜·马歇尔博士和她的同事将在肯尼亚的奥基克人中进行研究。奥基克人生活在分散在肯尼亚高地的当地小群体中，他们具有极大的人类学兴趣，因为他们保留了严重依赖狩猎和采集野生植物食物的传统生活方式。它们也很重要，因为它们占据着高山森林，人们对它们对这种环境的适应知之甚少。该团队将提供一个狩猎-采集动物群利用的案例研究。他们将与Okiek人生活在一起，陪伴狩猎队，学习动物群的获取、骨骼改造和丢弃。由于该项目将持续12个月，并且Okiek经常迁徙，因此有可能在不同的地点、不同的栖息地和不同的季节研究动物群的使用。将收集有关Okiek狩猎策略、身体加工细节以及人类行为与切割和骨折的位置和特征之间的关系的数据。将保留有关骨骼运输和丢弃的记录。将对废弃的骨进行测绘、收集和研究，并将在选定的地点检查废弃后的骨修改过程。这项研究将实现几个人类学上的重要目标。它将记录一种独特的、快速消失的生活方式。它还将提供对狩猎和传统生存方式的洞察，并提供有助于考古学家了解过去的数据。最后，通过考察生存与这一过程的动物群副产品之间的关系，它将提供一套有助于解释考古遗迹的工具。直到大约10,000年前，所有人类都以狩猎和采集为生，许多泛人类特征，如家庭和语言，都是在这一背景下发展起来的。当我们在这种更广泛的背景下看待自己时，我们今天可以更好地了解自己。马歇尔博士的研究将有助于实现这一目标。

Dr. Fiona Marshall and her colleagues will conduct research among the Okiek people of Kenya. The Okiek, who live in small local groups scattered throughout the highlands of Kenya, are of great anthropological interest because they have retained a traditional lifestyle which relies heavily on hunting and the gathering of wild plant foods. They are also important because they occupy high montane forest and little is known about adaptation to such environments. The team will provide a case study of hunter- gatherer faunal use. They will live with the Okiek, accompany hunting parties, and study faunal acquisition, bone modification, and discard. Because the project will extend over twelve months and the Okiek move frequently, it will be possible to study faunal use at a variety of sites, in a variety of habitats, and through a variety of seasons. Data will be collected on Okiek hunting strategies, details of carcass processing, and the relationship between human actions and the location and character of cuts and bone breakage. Records will be kept on bone transport and discard. Discarded bone will be mapped, collected, and studied, and post-discard bone modification processes will be examined at selected sites. This research will accomplish several anthropologically important goals. It will document a unique, and fast disappearing way of life. It will also provide insight into hunting and traditional subsistence practices and yield data which will help archaeologists to understand the past. Finally, through examination of the relationship between subsistence and the faunal byproducts of this process, it will provide a set of tools which will aid in the interpretation of archaeological remains. Until approximately 10,000 years ago all humans lived by hunting and gathering and many pan-human traits such as the family and language developed in this context. We can better understand ourselves today when we view ourselves in this broader context. Dr. Marshall's research will contribute to this goal.