Dissertation Research: Subsistence and Mobility in the Late Upper Paeolithic: Fauna from the Fucino Basin, Italy

在Fiona Marshall博士的指导下，Francesca Alhaique女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将分析在意大利中部阿布鲁佐古湖富西诺边缘的一系列六个洞穴遗址中收集的考古动物。这些遗址的时间跨度从1.8万年前到1万年前，因此记录了最后一次冰期结束时非常寒冷的时期，以及向温暖的全新世气候条件过渡的时期。该地区的占领似乎是连续的，与欧洲大多数其他有人居住的地区相比，石器工业在这一时期保持相对不变。因此，似乎有可能是一个单一的文化群体一直存在，可能的人口更替的复杂性可以忽略不计。MS Alhaique将记录这段时间内定居和生存策略的变化。许多考古学家认为，在欧洲（以及世界其他地区），更新世到全新世的转变标志着一个变化，在这个变化中，狩猎和采集群体变得更加定居，并将他们的生存重点从有限数量的大型哺乳动物转移到更广泛的范围，包括较小的动物和鸟类。然而，很少对相关材料进行仔细的区系分析，并且没有考虑其他因素，例如年龄依赖性的更小更脆弱的骨骼的选择性破坏。在她的工作中，Alhaique女士将分析六个福西诺遗址的动物群。由于这些已经在大多数情况下被识别到物种水平，她将专注于人类对材料的修改，以确定哪些骨骼是由人类机构产生的，以及可能导致样本扭曲的自然破坏因素。她还将重建死亡季节，因为这揭示了场地占用的长度。季节性可以通过迁徙物种的研究和哺乳动物牙齿的牙骨质分析来确定。新石器革命的阶段——植物和动物的驯化——发生在更新世晚期和全新世早期。（假定的）对较小物种的关注增加，定居化和人口密度的明显增加都预示着后来的发展。Alhaique女士的研究将为这一过程提供更多的见解。它将提供有关一个重要考古区域的有用资料，并协助培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Fiona Marshall, MS Francesca Alhaique will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will analyze archaeological faunas collected during the excavation of a series of six cave sites located on the edges of ancient lake Fucino in Abruzzo, Central Italy. Taken together the sites span the time period between 18,000 and 10,000 years ago and thus document the very cold period at the end of the last glaciation and the transition to warmer Holocene climatic conditions. Occupation in the region appears continuous and in contrast to most other inhabited portions of Europe, stone tool industries remain relatively unchanged over this period. Thus it seems likely that a single cultural group was present throughout and the complication of possible population replacement can be discounted. MS Alhaique shall document changes in settlement and subsistence strategy over this time. Many archaeologists have argued that within Europe (and in other parts of the world as well), the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was marked by a change in which hunting and gathering groups became more sedentary, and shifted their subsistence focus from a limited number of large mammal species to a broader range which included smaller animals and birds. However careful faunal analysis of relevant materials has rarely been conducted and other factors, such as age dependent selective destruction of smaller more fragile bones has not been considered. In her work, MS Alhaique will analyze the fauna from the six Fucino sites. Since these have already been identified in most instances to a species level, she will focus on human modification to the materials to determine which bones result from human agency and on natural destructive factors which may serve to distort the sample. She will also reconstruct season of death since this sheds light on length of site occupation. Seasonality can be determined to the study of migratory species and through cementum analysis of mammal teeth. The stage for the Neolithic Revolution - the domestication of plants and animals - was set during the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. The (supposed) increased focus on smaller species, the apparent increase in sedentarization and population density all foreshadow later developments. MS. Alhaique's research will provide additional insight into the process. It will provide useful data on an important archaeological region and assist in training a promising young scientist.