A Cognitive Theory of Cooperators' Advantage

这一建议为合作社的来源提供了新的见解。 涉及囚徒困境的小群体行为 平板电脑设备. 以前的分析解释了这种行为， 假设补充激励或假设合作者 能够识别出叛逃者 这两种方法都将 对人类认知能力的实质性要求， 不可理喻 与此相反，目前的做法是基于一种替代办法， 涉及两个决定的启发式：（1）是否参与，以及 如果是，（2）如何参与。 这种方法提供了一个基础， 研究合作行为的进化。 这些想法将是 使用一种新的实验范式进行测试， 保证 所提出的方法提供了理论上的进步， 和经验。 特别是，这项研究的结果将 确定合作行为倾向于滋生的条件 合作 因为重点是合作而不是 竞争，建议研究应提供新的认识 小群体行为的影响。

This proposal offers new insights into the sources of cooperative behavior in small-group situations involving prisoners' dilemma games. Previous analyses have explained the behavior either by assuming supplementary incentives or by assuming that cooperators are capable of recognizing defectors. Both approaches place substantial demands on human cognitive capacities that appear unreasonable. The present approach, in contrast, is based on an alternative heuristic involving two decisions: (1) whether to participate, and if so, (2) how to participate. This approach provides a basis for studying the evolution of cooperative behavior. The ideas will be tested using a new experimental paradigm that holds particular promise. The proposed approach offers advances both theoretically and empirically. In particular, the results of this research will define conditions under which cooperative behavior tends to breed cooperation. Because the focus is on cooperation rather than competition, the proposed research should provide new understanding of small-group behavior.