Songhay and Other Languages of Mali

在马里(西非)，松海语主要以两种方言群的形式使用，高和廷巴克图-杰恩。(邻国尼日尔说的是更知名、数量更多的松海方言。)T-DJ方言组似乎反映了宋海帝国在其首都加奥期间的快速扩张，这一帝国于1594年摩洛哥入侵结束。T-DJ方言表现出与高方言的显著差异，包括词法的基本简化和规律化，以及从SOV语序到SVO语序的转变。关于T-DJ方言群的发展，将根据以下假设进行研究，即在形成阶段发生了某种形式的克里奥里化，并了解到邻近语言继续影响着它作为马里北部尼日尔河沿岸的通用语言的功能。在邻近的语言中，哈桑尼亚阿拉伯语(和古典阿拉伯语)已经被PI学习过。图阿雷格、富尔贝(Full，Fula，Fulani)和博佐(Bozo)将是本项目的二次研究对象，以完成T-DJ Songhay发展研究的语言生态。

ABSTRACT The Songhay language is spoken in Mali (W.Africa) chiefly in two dialect groups, Gao and Timbuktu-Djenne. (Better-known and numerically larger Songhay dialects are spoken in neighboring Niger.) The T-Dj dialecl group appears to reflect the rapid extension of Songhay during the "Songhay Empire" with its capital in Gao, which ended with a Moroccan incursion in 1594. The T-Dj dialects show significant divergences from the Gao dialect, including a bare-bones reduction and regularization of the morphology and a shift from SOV to SVO word order. The development of the T-Dj dialect group will be studied in connection with the hypothesis that some form of creolization occurred in the formative stages, and in the knowledge that neighboring languages have continued to influence it in its functions as lingua franca along the Niger River in northern Mali. Of the neighboring languages, Hassaniya Arabic (and Classical Arabic) have been studied by the PI. Tuareg, Fulbe (Ful, Fula, Fulani), and Bozo will be the objects of secondary study in this project to complete the linguistic "ecology" for the developmental study of T-Dj Songhay.