German loan words in Polish dialects as a mirror of language contact: A multiple access dictionary on an online platform of German loans in other languages.

该项目旨在编纂一部波兰方言德语借词电子词典（DicGlPd）。DicGlPd将是一个词典编纂数据库，集成到曼海姆IDS的在线Lehnwortportal Deutsch （LWPD）中。这个门户网站已经包含了标准（书面）波兰语（WDLP）的贷款历史词典。这个计划中的词典将与这个词典以及其他已经被整合到LWPD中的斯拉夫语和其他语言的德语借阅词典联系起来。DicGlPd（作为整个LWPD）中的材料可以通过多个搜索工具访问，其中一些由LWPD中的所有字典共享，而另一些则特定于单个字典。除了简单的基于表达式或基于单词的搜索选项外，LWPD将允许高级用户在直观的可视化查询构建器中逐步构建可能跨越多个单词的复杂查询，以及它们的各种字典属性和关系，可选择使用布尔运算符、正则表达式等。目前还没有波兰方言德语借调的词典汇编，尽管，首先，波兰语的德语借调已经成为一个多世纪以来的研究课题，其次，波兰语（大致与捷克语和斯洛文尼亚语处于同一水平）可能是德语借调最多的语言。此外，由于几个世纪以来讲德语的人大量迁移到讲波兰语的地区，不仅在精英或城市人口中，而且在农村人口/讲方言的人之间也有广泛的语言接触。在波兰方言中对德语贷款的全面词典描述现在才成为可能，因为Słownik gwar polskich （SGP）的工作取得了进展，这是一部多卷的波兰方言词典。已出版的卷和SGP庞大的卡片索引将为计划中的词典提供中心物质基础。SGP本身不提供关于它所包含的单词出处的任何信息。计划中的词典将描述(a)在表达和内容层面上的借词，说明形式变化和相应的衍生词，以及与德语词源的形式和语义对应或距离；(b)借词（所有表达变体，所有含义）在波兰方言空间中的分布，根据一种反映(i)波兰方言的传统方言划分和（ii）波兰地区在德语（讲）统治下的时间跨度的方案进行地图表示。此外，书面/标准波兰语和波兰方言的德语贷款之间的重叠程度将被呈现。这些贷款将根据它们的状态被描述为“插入”（大致为新事物的新词）、“替代”（旧词）或“共存”（与旧词：同义词或新贷款和旧词之间“语义空间”的重新划分）。

The project aims to compile an electronic Dictionary of German loan words in Polish dialects (DicGlPd). The DicGlPd will be an lexicographic database integrated into the online Lehnwortportal Deutsch (LWPD) at the IDS Mannheim. This portal already comprises a historical dictionary of loans in Standard (Written) Polish (WDLP). The planned dictionary will be linked with this and other dictionaries of German loans in Slavic and other languages that have already been integrated into the LWPD. The material in the DicGlPd (as the whole LWPD) will be accessible via multiple search instruments, some of which are shared by all dictionaries in the LWPD, and some of which are specific to individual dictionaries. Apart from simple expression-based or word-based search options, the LWPD will allow advanced users to incrementally construct, in an intuitive visual query builder, complex queries possibly spanning multiple words, their various lexicographic attributes and relationships, optionally using Boolean operators, regular expressions etc. There is currently no lexicographic compendium of German loans in Polish dialects, although, firstly, German loans in Polish have been a topic in research for more than a century and, secondly, Polish is (roughly on a level with Czech and Slovene) probably the language with the highest number of German loans. Moreover, due to centuries of considerable levels of migration of speakers of German into Polish speaking areas there has been extensive language contact not only within elites or urban populations, but within rural populations / dialect speakers as well. An encompassing lexicographic description of German loans in Polish dialects has only now become possible due to the progress of work on the Słownik gwar polskich (SGP), a multi-volume dictionary of Polish dialects. The published volumes and the SGP’s huge card index will provide the central material basis for the planned dictionary. The SGP itself does not provide any information on the provenience of the words it contains.The planned dictionary will describe (a) loans on the expression and content plane, explicating formal variation and corresponding derived words as well as the formal and semantic correspondence or distance to the German etymon; (b) the distribution of the loans (all expression variants, all meanings) in the Polish dialectal space with cartographic representation according to a scheme that mirrors (i) the traditional dialectal division of Polish dialects and (ii) the time span during which Polish areas found themselves under German (speaking) rule. Furthermore, the degree of overlap between German loans in Written / Standard Polish and Polish dialects will be presented. The loans will be described in terms of their status as “insertions” (roughly new words for new things), “replacements” (of older words) or “coexistence” (with older words: synonymy or repartition of a “semantic space” between new loan and old word.)