Long-Term Effects of Reconstruction on Vulnerability as Defined by Urban Patterning and Urban Form

震后重建期间建立的全区域发展模式可能对脆弱程度的区域格局产生重大的长期影响。在安克雷奇，25年前阿拉斯加大地震后重建过程中确立的城市模式，如今已成为社区结构中不可或缺的一部分。本提案以阿拉斯加安克雷奇为例，探讨了重建过程如何影响并继续影响城市形态的发展，从而影响未来风险和脆弱性水平的配置。脆弱性包括使用地点；建筑类型和建筑群的位置，关键设施（医院、消防站等）的分布；以及这些集群之间的联系。该项目将分析城市格局和形态的变化对地震易损性、生命损失和系统中断的影响，特别是在紧急恢复期间。区域和社区尺度上城市形态/脆弱性水平的时间序列分析侧重于三个基本城市形态变量的演变：建筑分组和场地利用模式；开放空间;和联系。阿拉斯加州的安克雷奇被用作案例研究，因为它适合于对1964年震后重建中出现的发展模式进行时间序列分析。

Area wide development patterns established during post-earthquake reconstruction may have significant long term effects on regional patterning of vulnerability levels. In Anchorage urban patterns that were sanctioned twenty-five years ago during the reconstruction following the great Alaska earthquake are now an integral part of the community's fabric. Using Anchorage, Alaska, as a case study, this proposal examines how the reconstruction process has impacted and continues to impact development of urban form and, thereby, the configuration of future risk and vulnerability levels. Vulnerability encompasses location of uses; location of building types and clusters, the distribution of critical facilities (hospitals, fire stations, etc.); and the linkages between these clusters. The project will analyze the implications of changes in urban patterns and form on seismic vulnerability to damage, life loss, and system disruption, especially during the emergency recovery period. A time series analysis of urban form/vulnerability levels at regional and neighborhood scales focuses on the evolution of the three basic urban form variables: building groupings and site utilization patterns; open spaces; and linkages. Anchorage, Alaska, is used as a case study because it lends itself to a time series analysis of development patterns which emerged from post-earthquake reconstruction after 1964.