Scanning Probe Microscopy for Materials Research

提出用扫描探针进行基础材料研究 显微镜：1）晶体生长和蚀刻将观察在 实时，因为它们发生在液体-固体界面， 与理论模型的比较，2）分子成像 晶体和其他软材料将被研究和改进 通过关注静态和动态探针-表面相互作用， 3)新型材料扫描探针显微镜的研制 将继续进行研究，特别强调新技术 用于成像超快过程。 %%% 扫描探针显微镜，特别是原子力 显微镜，正在演变成材料的有力工具 research. 他们可以成像的过程中涉及的形成 前所未有的分辨率。 他们可以想象这些 过程，因为它们在许多情况下发生。 市售 显微镜已经可以在材料研究中做许多工作， 在越来越多的材料研究中找到方法 laboratories. 这项研究的重点是推动前沿 开发新的显微镜和新的处理方法 越来越多的问题，并找到解决方案， 目前的仪器。 例如， 获得超快的时间分辨率来研究快速过程， 将探索磁畴壁运动。 作为另一个例子， 提出了软材料成像的基础研究。 软材料是很难想象目前可用 显微镜，因为尖端可以使它们变形。 虽然取得了很大进展， 已经取得了进展，还有更多的工作要做。 显微镜现在可以成像 一些柔软的表面，但它们很难成像聚合物 弱附着于涉及聚集的表面或过程 聚合物链 长期目标是创造更好的 材料作为基础研究的结果， 用新的显微镜和新的操作方法形成材料 那些新的显微镜

Fundamental materials research is proposed with scanning probe microscopes: 1) crystal growth and etching will be observed in real-time as they occur at liquid-solid interfaces for detailed comparison with theoretical models, 2) the imaging of molecular crystals and other soft materials will be investigated and improved by focusing on static and dynamic probe-surface interactions, and 3) the development of new scanning probe microscopes for materials research will be continued with special emphasis on new techniques for imaging ultra-fast processes. %%% Scanning probe microscopes, in particular the Atomic Force Microscope, are evolving into powerful tools for materials research. They can image processes involved in the formation of materials at unprecedented resolution. They can image these processes as they occur in many cases. Commercially available microscopes can already do many jobs in materials research and are finding there way into more and more materials research laboratories. This research is focused on pushing the frontiers and developing new microscopes and new methodologies for handling more and more problems and finding solutions that are impossible with current instrumentation. For example, the possibility of getting ultra-fast time resolution to study fast processes such as magnetic domain wall motion will be explored. As another example, fundamental research on the imaging of soft materials is proposed. Soft materials are hard to image for currently available microscopes because the tips can deform them. Though much progress has been made, more remains to be done. Microscopes can now image some soft surfaces but they have a hard time imaging polymers weakly attached to surfaces or processes involving aggregation of polymer chains. The long term goal is the creation of better materials as the result of fundamental studies done on the formation of materials with new microscopes and new ways to operate those new microscopes.