Academic Research and Industrial Innovation: Interfirm Differences, Motivation for Successful Projects, and the Role of Consulting for Industry

学术研究与产业创新：公司间差异、项目成功的动机以及产业咨询的作用

• 批准号: 9421761
• 负责人: Edwin Mansfield
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-11-01 至 1997-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9421761&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Academic; Research; Industrial; Innovation; Interfirm

In the past decade, substantial progress has been made in investigating the extent to which technological innovations in various industries have been based on research the lags between, the academic research and their industrial use, and the characteristics of the universities and academic researchers that have tended to contribute significantly to industrial innovation. But many gaps still exist in our knowledge of this complex area. Specifically, far too little is known about (1) the reasons why the percentage of new products and processes based on recent academic research is so much higher in some firms than in others in the same industry (2) the extent to which academic researchers cited by industry for their contributions to industry's new products and processes were led to do the cited research by their own curiosity, by a known need, by an announced competition, by some combination of these factors, (3) the factors determining which colleges and universities firms will support to do R and D of various types, and (4) the extent, nature, and role of academic consulting for industry, which is unquestionably a major avenue by which university expertise is mobilized to help transfer information and know how to firms. The purpose of this research project is to shed new light on each of these important topics. Building on previous work in this area, data from firms in the chemical, information processing, electronics, instruments, pharmaceutical, metals, and petroleum industries; and from a large number of academic researchers who have been cited by firms in these industries as having made particularly significant contributions to their product and process innovations. Based on detailed data of this kind, statistical analyses are conducted, the findings of which should be useful to decision makers trying to increase the economic payoff from academic research in the United States.

在过去的十年中，在调查各行业的技术创新在多大程度上是基于研究方面取得了实质性进展，学术研究与其产业应用之间的滞后，以及倾向于对产业创新做出重大贡献的大学和学术研究人员的特点。但是，我们对这一复杂领域的了解仍然存在许多空白。 具体来说，我们对以下问题知之甚少：（1）为什么在同一行业中，某些企业基于最新学术研究的新产品和新工艺的比例比其他企业高得多？（2）被工业界引用的学术研究人员对工业新产品和新工艺的贡献在多大程度上是由于他们自己的好奇心，由于已知的需要，通过公开竞争，通过这些因素的某种组合，（3）决定哪些学院和大学公司将支持做各种类型的R和D的因素，以及（4）学术咨询的范围，性质和作用，这无疑是一个主要的途径，通过它大学的专业知识被动员起来，以帮助转移信息和知识的公司。 本研究项目的目的是为这些重要主题提供新的见解。在这一领域以前工作的基础上，数据来自化工、信息处理、电子、仪器、制药、金属和石油行业的公司;以及被这些行业的公司引用为对其产品和工艺创新做出特别重大贡献的大量学术研究人员。基于这类详细的数据，进行了统计分析，其结果应该是有用的决策者试图增加在美国的学术研究的经济回报。