Experimental Evolutionary Studies of Temperate Adaptation: The Evolution of Bioenergetic and Growth Rate Responses of a Mesophilic Bacterium

温带适应的实验进化研究：嗜温细菌的生物能和生长速率响应的进化

• 批准号: 9507416
• 负责人: Albert Bennett
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9507416&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Evolutionary; Studies; Temperate; Adaptation

9507416 Changes in temperature have significant effects on the rates of biochemical reactions. We know how short term changes in temperature affect the growth rate, respiration and growth efficiency of microbes, but we know relatively little about how these factors change during evolutionary adaptation to change in temperature. This research will contrast the effects of temperature on energetics and growth of ancestral strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli with changes that occur during evolutionary adaptation of the bacteria. Multiple lines of bacteria derived from a common stock will be cultured in new thermal environments, including high, low, and variable temperature. For each line, growth rate, respiration rate, and the efficiency with which the bacteria convert food into new bacterial tissue will be determined. The research will determine how adaptation to a particular thermal regime alters the ability of the bacteria to grow and compete in other thermal environments. Replication of selection experiments with multiple lines of bacteria will reveal the range of variation in genetic responses to new thermal environments. This research will increase our ability to predict the long term response of bacteria to environmental variation, which is important because microbes are important energy consumers and nutrient recyclers in natural ecosystems. It will identify traits that confer adaptive advantages at different temperatures, and demonstrate the impact of those adaptations on bioenergetics. The identification of traits that increase growth efficiency at different temperatures will be of potential value in commercial culture operations.

9507416 温度的变化对生化反应的速率有显著的影响。 我们知道温度的短期变化如何影响微生物的生长速率，呼吸和生长效率，但我们对这些因素在进化适应温度变化过程中如何变化知之甚少。 这项研究将对比温度对大肠杆菌祖先菌株能量学和生长的影响， 在细菌的进化适应过程中。 将在新的热环境（包括高温、低温和可变温度）中培养来自普通原种的多个细菌系。对于每一条线，将确定细菌将食物转化为新的细菌组织的生长速率、呼吸速率和效率。 这项研究将确定对特定热环境的适应如何改变细菌在其他热环境中生长和竞争的能力。 用多株细菌重复进行选择实验，将揭示对新的热环境的遗传反应的变化范围。 这项研究将提高我们预测细菌对环境变化的长期反应的能力，这很重要，因为微生物是自然生态系统中重要的能量消耗者和营养回收者。 它将识别赋予适应性的特征， 优势 在 不同 温度， 并展示 的 影响 的 那些 改编 生物能量学 鉴定在不同温度下提高生长效率的性状将在商业化培养操作中具有潜在价值。