Electrochemical Recording System for Rapid Chemical Recordings in Biological Systems

近年来，微传感器（直径5-30微米）已被开发用于研究生物系统中的快速（11000赫兹）化学信号。最近的电化学记录方法，如高速计时安培法（1-25Hz），快速扫描循环伏安法（10 Hz和100-1000 v/秒扫描速率）和安培法（1000 Hz分辨率）已被开发用于此类记录。快速化学信号的研究需要使用微电极，这些微电极与敏感仪器相结合，能够记录和转换由于微传感器表面化学反应引起的电流的微小变化。一些实验室设计的仪器和一些商业仪器是可用的。然而，目前科学界还没有能够记录、显示、分析数据并输出结果的低噪音“交钥匙”系统。此外，一些商用仪器通常需要与其他实验室仪器相结合，如图1所示（改编自Stamford et al. 1992）。目前，还没有一种基于微机的仪器可供科学家使用，它包含了使用快速扫描循环伏安法、高速计时安培法、1000-6000Hz安培法、更标准的电化学方法和对快速电化学记录方法的新修改来记录快速电化学信号的能力。该提案的一个主要目标是进行如图b所示的自动化多通道记录系统的第一阶段（设计）和第二阶段（修改和改进）开发。这种仪器，我们称之为FAST (FAST Analytical Sensing Technology)，将对细胞生物学、化学、生物学、神经科学、药理学、生理学、化学接受、生物化学和生物化学等领域的学生、博士后和主要研究人员有用。海洋生物学、心理学等生物科学。本提案的第二个目标是进一步开发用于生物系统中多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、血清素、一氧化氮和谷氨酸选择性、快速和敏感测量的微传感器。碳纤维探头和半导体探头设计都将得到发展。进一步的传感器开发需要提高现有仪器和拟议的FASTin体内电化学记录系统的记录能力。～

In recent years, microsensors (5-30 microns in diameter) have been developed to investigate rapid (11000 Hz) chemical signaling in biological systems. Recent electrochemical recording methods such as highspeed chronoamperometry (1-25Hz), fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (10 Hz and 100-1000 v/sec scan rates) and amperometry (1000 Hz resolution) have been developed for such recordings. The study of rapid chemical signaling requires the use of microelectrodes that are coupled to sensitive instrumentation that is capable of recording and converting the small changes in current that are due to chemical reactions at the surfaces of the microsensors. A few laboratory designed instruments and some commercial instruments are available. However, no low noise "turnkey" system that is capable of recording, displaying, analyzing data and outputting results is available to the scientific community. In addition, some commercial instrumentation often requires a combination of other laboratory instruments as seen in Figure la (adapted from Stamford et al. 1992). Presently, there is no self contained microcomputer-based instrument that is available to scientists that encompasses the capabilities to record rapid electrochemical signals using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, highspeed chronoamperometry, 1000-6000Hz amperometry, more standard electrochemical methods, and new modifications of the rapid electrochemical recording methods. A major goal of this proposal is to carry out the Phase I (design) and Phase II (modification and refinement) development of an automated multi-channel recording system as depicted in Figure lb. Such an instrument, which we call FAST for Fast Analytical Sensing Technology, will be useful to students, postdoctoral fellows and principal investigators in the fields of cell biology, chemistry, biology, neuroscience, pharmacolog y, physiology, chemoreception, marine biollogy, psychology and other biological sciences. The second goal of this proposal is to further develop microsensors for the selective, rapid, and sensitive measures of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, nitric oxide and glutamate in biological systems. Both carbon fiber based probes and semiconductor based probe designs will be developed. Further sensor development is needed to enhance the recording capabilities of currently available instrumentation and the proposed FASTin vivo electrochemical recording system. ~