An Anchoring-based Theory of Lightness Perception

基于锚定的亮度感知理论

• 批准号: 9514679
• 负责人: Alan Gilchrist
• 金额: $ 25.84万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9514679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Anchoring; based; Theory; Lightness; Perception

9514679 GILCHRIST This research will further examine how the human visual system assigns black, white and gray values to surfaces represented in the image projected onto the retina. This problem remains unsolved, in human vision as in computer vision, because the intensity of light reflected from any given surface in the visual world, regardless of its actual shade of gray, can vary by a factor of a billion to one, depending on lighting conditions. Prior research has established that the perceived shade of gray of a surface depends on the intensity of that surface relative to that of neighboring surfaces, not its absolute intensity, and that relative intensity is just what is encoded when light from the world strikes the human retina. But this brings into focus what has been called the anchoring problem: How is an absolute or specific shade of gray assigned to these relative intensity values? The general approach of the work will be to formulate alternative potential rules the visual system might use and then to construct visual displays that produce retinal images capable of testing among these rules. For a given display, one rule might predict that a particular surface will be seen as middle gray while a competing rule might predict that the same surface will be seen as white. The display will be presented to a set of naive human observers, from whom reports will be obtained as to the apparent gray shade of the surface. They will indicate the appearance of the target surface by choosing a matching chip from a standard scale of gray chips under standard lighting conditions. The work of this project will build upon a series of findings from previous funding that have established the rules of anchoring for relatively simple visual displays. In short these rules state that, for simple images, the surface with the highest intensity will be seen as white and darker regions will be scaled relative to this standard. But relative size of regions has also been shown to be important and can override the role of the highest intensity in certain cases. Prior work along these lines has produced a model of visual functioning that has already proven to account for much of the research literature in this field. The work of this research project will be guided by contradictions and gaps in this model. An important goal will be the extension of the model to ever more complex images. The solution of this problem in human vision should make it easier to solve the problem for computer vision. ***

小行星9514679 这项研究将进一步研究人类视觉系统如何将黑色、白色和灰色值分配给投影到视网膜上的图像中所表示的表面。 这个问题在人类视觉和计算机视觉中仍然没有解决，因为从视觉世界中任何给定表面反射的光的强度，无论其实际的灰色阴影如何，都可以根据照明条件以十亿比一的倍数变化。 先前的研究已经确定，表面的感知灰度取决于该表面相对于相邻表面的强度，而不是其绝对强度，并且相对强度只是当来自世界的光照射到人类视网膜时编码的内容。 但这就引起了人们对所谓的锚定问题的关注：一个绝对的或特定的灰色阴影是如何分配给这些相对强度值的？ 这项工作的一般方法将是制定 视觉系统可能使用的替代潜在规则，然后构建产生能够在这些规则中进行测试的视网膜图像的视觉显示。 对于给定的显示器，一个规则可以预测特定的表面将被视为中间灰色，而竞争规则可以预测相同的表面将被视为白色。 显示器将被呈现给一组天真的人类观察者，从他们那里获得关于表面的明显灰色阴影的报告。 他们将通过在标准照明条件下从标准灰度芯片中选择匹配芯片来指示目标表面的外观。 这个项目的工作将建立在一系列的发现，从以前的资金，已经建立了规则的锚定相对简单的视觉显示。 简而言之，这些规则规定，对于简单的图像，具有最高强度的表面将被视为白色，较暗的区域将相对于该标准进行缩放。 但区域的相对大小也 已经证明是重要的，在某些情况下可以超越最高强度的作用。 先前的工作沿着这些路线已经产生了一个模型的视觉功能，已经证明占在这一领域的研究文献。 本研究项目的工作将以这一模式中的矛盾和差距为指导。 一个重要的目标是将模型扩展到更复杂的图像。 在人类视觉中解决这个问题应该使计算机视觉更容易解决这个问题。 ***