The Political Economy of Stateless Societies During the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Thy, Denmark

丹麦青铜器时代晚期和铁器时代早期无国家社会的政治经济学

• 批准号: 9600973
• 负责人: Timothy Earle
• 金额: $ 10.09万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-07-15 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9600973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Political; Economy; Stateless; Societies; During

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Timothy Earle and his colleagues will continue their archaeological research on the Thy peninsula which is located I northeastern Jutland, Demark. Past work has indicated that the region is rich in archaeological remains including large umber of barrows or burial chambers. In his research to date, Dr. Earle has discovered and excavated a umber of sites associated with the Neolithic Period whe settled agricultural and village life emerged in Northern Europe. In this next stage of the project, he and his team will focus on the later Bronze Age and Iron Age periods. They wish to obtain detailed information on demography, settlement patterns and subsistence practices. They will also reconstruct forms of social and political organizatio and determine how these changed over time. To accomplish these goals, they will conduct broad scale surveys to locate architectural features and surface materials. These later will be collected and analyzed. The team will then select the most promising sites for large scale excavation. Following the development of agriculture and pastoralism in many parts of the world, one can trace changes in social organization which led, ultimately, to the rise of states. Early in this process chiefdoms arose and anthropologists still do not understand the mechanisms through which this happened. Some ague that populationn growth permitted by a more stable subsistence base provided the driving force while others poit to other factors such as the developmet of log distance trade. Over the course of the Broze and Iro Ages in Scandinavia, chiefdoms underwent cycles of rise and decline. The data collected from this area will allow compariso with cases from other parts of the world. From this it should be possible to separate historical particulars from the move basic underlying mechanisms. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will also increase our understanding of the processes which led to the rise of complex societies such as our own.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，蒂莫西·厄尔博士和他的同事们将继续对位于丹麦日德兰半岛东北部的泰半岛进行考古研究。 过去的工作表明，该地区有丰富的考古遗迹，包括大量的古墓或墓室。 在他迄今为止的研究中，厄尔博士发现并挖掘了许多与新石器时代有关的遗址，当时在北方欧洲出现了定居的农业和乡村生活。 在项目的下一阶段，他和他的团队将专注于青铜时代后期和铁器时代时期。 他们希望获得关于人口、定居模式和生计做法的详细资料。 他们还将重建社会和政治组织的形式，并确定这些形式如何随着时间的推移而变化。 为了实现这些目标，他们将进行大规模的调查，以确定建筑特征和表面材料。 稍后将收集和分析这些数据。 然后，该小组将选择最有希望的地点进行大规模挖掘。 随着农业和畜牧业在世界许多地方的发展，人们可以追溯到社会组织的变化，这些变化最终导致了国家的兴起。 在这一过程的早期，酋长出现了，人类学家仍然不理解这种情况发生的机制。 有人认为，较稳定的生存基础所允许的人口增长是推动力，而另一些人则认为是其他因素，如原木长途贸易的发展。 在斯堪的纳维亚的布罗斯和伊罗时代，酋长经历了兴衰的循环。 从这一地区收集的数据将允许与世界其他地区的情况进行比较。 从这一点来看，应该可以将历史细节与基本的潜在机制分开。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。 它还将增加我们对导致像我们这样的复杂社会兴起的过程的理解。