In vitro Reconstruction of Fungal Chromosomes

真菌染色体的体外重建

• 批准号: 9630910
• 负责人: Jonathan Arnold
• 金额: $ 50.47万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-12-01 至 2001-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9630910&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: vitro; Reconstruction; Fungal; Chromosomes

Arnold 9630910 Physical maps of whole chromosomes have played an essential role in a number of fundamental breakthroughs in genetics. Completion of a high resolution physical map of the model genetic system. Neurospora crassa, is likely to open up new avenues of research on the molecular and evolutionary genetics of fungi. In completing a preliminary 29 kilobase (kb) resolution physical map of the 31 megabase Aspergillus nidulans genome, a striking observation was made. There is an alternating banding pattern in the distribution of repeated sequences along each chromosome. This observation has implications for development, functional organization of genomes, chromosome structure and function, recombination, and genome evolution. In this project the biological question is whether or not this banding pattern in repeated sequences is found in another filamentous fungus, N.crassa genome will be completed using an NSF-funded robotics workstation. The distribution of cDNAs will be correlated with the distribution of repeated sequences in collaboration with an NSF-funded cDNA sequencing project. A number of important discoveries about the structure and function of DNA have been made in the filamentous fungi, Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa. Their fungal relatives are a daily part of our lives as causes of plant and animal disease, food spoilage, and the manufacture of industrial enzymes and chemicals. Relatives of these fungi are involved in everything from the making of soy sauce, cheeses, and other dairy products to the manufacturing of penicillin and various textiles. In this project new genome technologies will be introduced into the fungal genetics community to transform how genetics is done. The new genome technologies will chart the entire genetic blueprint of these organisms, and allow this genetic blueprint to be understood and manipulated. The applications of this project are likely to have an impact on genetics in general as well as applications in agriculture, and industry.

整个染色体的物理图谱在遗传学的许多根本性突破中发挥了重要作用。 完成模型遗传系统的高分辨率物理图。 粗糙脉孢菌的研究可能为真菌的分子遗传学和进化遗传学研究开辟新的途径。 在完成31兆个构巢曲霉基因组的初步29 kb分辨率物理图谱时，进行了惊人的观察。 重复序列沿每条染色体的分布存在交替带型，沿着每条染色体。 这一观察结果对发育、基因组的功能组织、染色体结构和功能、重组和基因组进化都有意义。 在这个项目中，生物学问题是这种重复序列中的带型是否在另一种丝状真菌中发现，粗糙脉孢菌基因组将使用NSF资助的机器人工作站完成。 与NSF资助的cDNA测序项目合作，将cDNA的分布与重复序列的分布相关联。 在丝状真菌构巢曲霉和粗糙脉孢菌中，DNA的结构和功能已经有了许多重要的发现。 它们的真菌亲戚是我们日常生活的一部分，是植物和动物疾病，食品腐败以及工业酶和化学品制造的原因。 这些真菌的亲戚参与了从酱料，奶酪和其他乳制品到青霉素和各种纺织品的制造的一切。 在这个项目中，新的基因组技术将被引入真菌遗传学社区，以改变遗传学的方式。 新的基因组技术将绘制这些生物体的整个遗传蓝图，并允许理解和操纵这种遗传蓝图。 该项目的应用可能会对遗传学以及农业和工业的应用产生影响。