Konsequenzen des Artensterbens in komplexen Nahrungsnetzen

复杂食物网中物种灭绝的后果

• 批准号: 117575002
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ulrich Brose
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Tierökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/117575002?language=en
• 关键词: Konsequenzen; des; Artensterbens; komplexen; Nahrungsnetzen

The world’s ecosystems are exposed to perturbations including over-harvesting of populations, global warming and land-use intensification, which eventually cause extinctions. One of the currently most urgent scientific questions addresses the consequences of this biodiversity loss on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Most current studies on consequences of extinctions focus on small functional groups, whereas natural ecosystems are organized as complex food webs with additive and compensatory effects of species interactively regulating responses to perturbations. This project aims at evaluating consequences of species extinctions in a recently compiled set of 30 complex natural food webs across different ecosystem types. Simulation approaches address the short-term (1 year) effects on other species biomasses (interaction strengths) and the long-term (30 years) risks of cascading secondary extinctions. Laboratory experiments evaluate these model predictions using forest soil food webs. For the first time, these approaches offer the opportunity to address the consequences of species extinctions combining (1) dynamic models of complex natural food webs for different ecosystem types, and (2) evaluations of model predictions using forest soil food webs.

世界生态系统受到各种干扰，包括过度捕捞人口、全球变暖和土地使用集约化，这些最终会造成生态破坏。目前最紧迫的科学问题之一是生物多样性丧失对生态系统结构和功能的影响。目前大多数关于干扰后果的研究都集中在小的功能群体上，而自然生态系统是作为复杂的食物网组织起来的，物种对干扰的反应具有相互调节的附加和补偿效应。该项目旨在评估最近汇编的30个不同生态系统类型的复杂自然食物网中物种灭绝的后果。模拟方法解决了对其他物种生物量的短期（1年）影响（相互作用强度）和级联二级干扰的长期（30年）风险。实验室实验评估这些模型预测森林土壤食物网。这些方法第一次为解决物种灭绝的后果提供了机会，结合（1）不同生态系统类型的复杂自然食物网的动态模型，（2）使用森林土壤食物网评估模型预测。