Cultural Influences on Emotion in Indonesia

这项研究探讨了文化对印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛米南加保人情绪行为的影响。解决了两个基本问题：（1）什么构成了对米南加保情绪的令人满意的描述？ (2) 在这种文化背景下，情感如何成为日常生活的一部分？尽管跨文化的情感存在着普遍的家族相似性，但精确的等同性却很少。例如，大多数文化都知道与西方愤怒情绪概念相似的情绪。然而，不同的文化对情绪行为的基本方面有不同的解释，英语中的愤怒情绪（包括“愤怒”和“烦恼”等情绪）与印度尼西亚语中的“marah”情绪或米南加保语中的“berang”情绪不同。这种差异存在于许多细节中，包括（a）原因，（b）如何评估这些原因，（c）关于表达或不表达愤怒的自我调节规则，以及（d）面部表情、身体感觉和其他行为的使用。在过去的十年或更长时间里，许多研究人员（尤其是北美和欧洲的研究人员）在加深对情绪各个方面的理解方面取得了巨大进展。然而，这项工作倾向于通过相当基本的理论表述来产生普遍的陈述。目前与米南加保的研究旨在发现情感这些方面的文化特定元素。将使用多种研究方法，包括焦点小组、课堂观察和个人访谈。除了对米南加保和印度尼西亚文化的学术研究之外，这项研究还将加深我们对所有文化中情感的理解，并提供一种跨文化思考情感的方式。

This research examines cultural influences on emotion behavior among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Two basic questions are addressed: (1) What constitutes a satisfactory description of Minangkabau emotions? (2) How is emotion part of everyday life within this cultural context? Although general family resemblances in emotions exist across cultures, there are few if any precise equivalences. For example, most cultures know emotions that are similar to Western conceptions of anger emotions. However, different cultures put different spins on the basic aspects of emotion behavior, and the anger emotions in English (which include such emotions as 'fury' and 'annoyance') differ from the 'marah' emotions in Indonesian or the 'berang' emotions in Minangkabau. Such differences exist in many details, including (a) cause, (b) how these causes are appraised, (c) self-regulatory rules about showing or not showing anger, and (d) use of facial expressions, felt bodily sensations, and other behavior. In the past decade or more, many researchers (especially in North America and Europe) have made great progress in developing understandings of each of these aspects of emotion. However, this work has tended to produce universal statements through theoretical formulations that have been fairly basic. The present research with Minangkabau is aimed at discovering the culture-specific elements in these aspects of emotion. Several research methodologies will be used, including focus groups, schoolroom observations, and individual interviews. In addition to scholarship on Minangkabau and Indonesian cultures, the research will deepen our understanding of emotions in all cultures, and provide a way of thinking about emotions cross-culturally.