Team, Individual, and Organizational Learning from Experience in Two High-Hazard Industries

团队、个人和组织从两个高危险行业的经验中学习

• 批准号: 9811451
• 负责人: John Carroll
• 金额: $ 10.6万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9811451&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Team; Individual; Organizational; Learning; Experience

Carroll High-hazard industries such as nuclear power and chemical process plants need to learn and improve without sole reliance on trial-and-error, because serious accidents are too costly and dangerous. These industries already place considerable attention and resources on learning from operating experience, including exchange of best practices, peer reviews, and self-assessment. Yet there are frequent failures to improve or to sustain improvement, either because problems are misunderstood, or because change is not implemented effectively. This research project focuses on developing a data base of several dozen incident review teams in four nuclear power plants and two chemical plants. These teams are composed of representatives from multiple groups such as operations, maintenance, and engineering, immediately following discovery of a serious problem or performance trend. Such team efforts are reserved for the most important and complex concerns each year. Each team is responsible for gathering and analyzing information and then making recommendations for changes in plant equipment, procedures, training, organization, and so forth. Using a series of questionnaires from team members and managers who are the sponsors or recipients of reports, and direct observation of teams in action, we address several interrelated issues at the group, individual, and organizational levels. At the group level, we would like to understand how to put the right expertise and cognitive abilities together in order to produce a more effective report and more learning among the team members that is diffused across the plant after the team has completed its work. At the individual level, we would like to understand how participation on an incident review team makes the team members more thoughtful about their own and others' work, and more complex in their thinking. At the organizational level, the issue is how plant improvement depends upon the nature of the team report and its reception by management and plant employees. We hope to develop new theories and practical information for management of high-hazard industries.

卡罗尔说，像核电和化工厂这样的高危行业需要学习和改进，而不仅仅是依靠试错法，因为严重的事故代价太高，也太危险。 这些行业已经将相当大的注意力和资源放在学习运营经验上，包括交流最佳做法、同行审查和自我评估。 然而，经常有改进或持续改进的失败，要么是因为问题被误解，要么是因为没有有效地实施变革。 本研究项目的重点是开发一个数据库，其中包括四个核电厂和两个化工厂的几十个事故审查小组。 这些团队由来自运营、维护和工程等多个小组的代表组成，在发现严重问题或性能趋势后立即成立。 这种团队努力是每年为最重要和最复杂的问题保留的。 每个小组负责收集和分析信息，然后对工厂设备、程序、培训、组织等方面的变化提出建议。 使用一系列的调查问卷，从团队成员和管理人员谁是赞助商或接收者的报告，并直接观察团队的行动，我们解决了几个相互关联的问题，在组，个人和组织层面。 在团队层面，我们希望了解如何将正确的专业知识和认知能力结合在一起，以便在团队完成工作后，在整个工厂内传播更有效的报告和团队成员之间的更多学习。 在个人层面上，我们想了解参与事件审查团队如何使团队成员对自己和他人的工作更加深思熟虑，并使他们的思维更加复杂。 在组织层面上，问题是工厂的改进如何取决于团队报告的性质以及管理层和工厂员工对报告的接受程度。 希望能为高危行业的管理提供新的理论和实践信息。