Requirements, structure and consequences of settlements and land use in north-western Germany at the time of the Funnel Beaker and Single Grave cultures (TRB North-western Germany)

在过去的三年中，通过勘探、探空、发掘和花粉分析收集了许多有价值的新信息，以获得关于漏斗烧烤文化(TRB)的聚落和坟墓结构以及德国西北部新石器时代植被和土地利用历史的新发现。这些数据是在五个示范选定的当地地区(最具代表性的“岛屿”弗洛格伦/西文和万纳区)获得的。库克斯海文，埃姆斯兰最大的山脊Hümling，Wildeshauser Geest和Lavenstedt教区，Rotenburg/Wümme区)，现在已经准备好在这里申请的最后阶段接受评估项目“德国西北部的联邦BC”。为此，不仅有Lavenstedt和Sieven(本项目)挖掘的特征和发现，而且还有以前的Flögln挖掘和抢救性挖掘Visbek-Uhlenkamp的发现。通过这些，可以对德国西北部的TRB West集团进行详细的描述。这一分析的主要焦点将是这种文化的年代性发展、区域用途、生存战略、聚落结构和房屋建造。新的放射性碳测年和高分辨率的花粉图使人们得以重建埃姆斯兰的植被和土地利用历史。为此，对植被发展的区域和区域趋势进行了比较，以揭示植被发展所反映的聚落活动的强度、程度和时间顺序。目前，正在收集更多的数据来评价整个研究区的聚落格局。最后一个项目阶段将进行总结分析，并进一步完善花粉图的时间分辨率。因此，结果将与考古发现和那段时间内的气候变化联系在一起。石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因与荷兰邻近地区之间存在哪些相似或不同之处，将用统计技术进行分析。

During the past three years, a lot of valuable new information was collected by means of prospections, sondages, excavations and pollen analyses to gain new findings about the structures of settlements and graves of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) as well as about the Neolithic vegetation and land use history of north-western Germany. These data were obtained in five exemplarily chosen local regions (the geest “islands” Flögeln/Sievern and Wanna, district. Cuxhaven, the geest ridges Hümmling in the Emsland, the Wildeshauser Geest and the parish of Lavenstedt, district Rotenburg/Wümme) and are now ready to be evaluated in the here applied last stage of the project “FBC North-western Germany”. For this not only features and finds from the excavations in Lavenstedt and Sievern (this project) but also those from the former excavation Flögeln and the rescue excavation Visbek-Uhlenkamp are available. By these, a detailed characterisation of the TRB west group in north-western Germany can be achieved. Major foci within this analysis will be the chronological developments, area use, subsistence strategies, settlement structures and house constructions of this culture. New radiocarbon dates and high resolution pollen diagrams allowed the reconstruction of the vegetation and land use history of the Emsland. For it, local with regional trends of the vegetation developments were compared to reveal evidences about intensity, extent and the chronological sequence of settlement activities which is reflected in the vegetation development. Currently, further data are collected to evaluate the settlement pattern of the whole study area. Conclusive analyses as well as further refinement of the temporal resolution of the pollen diagrams are scheduled for the last project stage. Thereby, the results will be connected to archaeological findings and climatic changes during that time. Which similarities or differences between the neighbouring regions in Schleswig-Holstein and the Netherlands exist will be analysed with statistical techniques.