Requirements, structure and consequences of settlements and land use in north-western Germany at the time of the Funnel Beaker and Single Grave cultures (TRB North-western Germany)

近三年来，通过勘探、钻探、发掘和花粉分析，获得了大量有价值的新资料，对德国西北部漏斗烧杯文化（TRB）的聚落和墓葬结构以及新石器时代的植被和土地利用历史有了新的认识。这些数据是在五个典型的地方地区（最大的“岛屿”Flögeln/Sievern和Wanna，区。Cuxhaven、Emperor的Hümmling山脊、Wildeshauser Geest和Lavenstedt教区、Rotenburg/Wümme区），现在准备在“FBC德国西北部”项目的最后阶段进行评估。为此，不仅有Lavenstedt和Sievern（本项目）挖掘的特征和发现，而且还有以前的Flögeln挖掘和Visbek-Uhlenkamp救援挖掘的特征和发现。通过这些，可以获得德国西北部TRB西组的详细特征。本分析的主要重点将是这种文化的时间发展，区域使用，生存策略，定居结构和房屋建筑。新的放射性碳年代测定和高分辨率花粉图允许重建的植被和土地利用历史的Emperor。通过对植被发展的区域性和局部性趋势的比较，揭示了反映在植被发展中的聚落活动的强度、范围和时间顺序。目前，进一步的数据收集，以评估整个研究区的沉降模式。计划在项目的最后阶段对花粉图的时间分辨率进行结论性分析和进一步改进。因此，结果将与考古发现和当时的气候变化有关。将用统计技术分析石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因和荷兰的邻近地区之间存在哪些相似或不同之处。

During the past three years, a lot of valuable new information was collected by means of prospections, sondages, excavations and pollen analyses to gain new findings about the structures of settlements and graves of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) as well as about the Neolithic vegetation and land use history of north-western Germany. These data were obtained in five exemplarily chosen local regions (the geest “islands” Flögeln/Sievern and Wanna, district. Cuxhaven, the geest ridges Hümmling in the Emsland, the Wildeshauser Geest and the parish of Lavenstedt, district Rotenburg/Wümme) and are now ready to be evaluated in the here applied last stage of the project “FBC North-western Germany”. For this not only features and finds from the excavations in Lavenstedt and Sievern (this project) but also those from the former excavation Flögeln and the rescue excavation Visbek-Uhlenkamp are available. By these, a detailed characterisation of the TRB west group in north-western Germany can be achieved. Major foci within this analysis will be the chronological developments, area use, subsistence strategies, settlement structures and house constructions of this culture. New radiocarbon dates and high resolution pollen diagrams allowed the reconstruction of the vegetation and land use history of the Emsland. For it, local with regional trends of the vegetation developments were compared to reveal evidences about intensity, extent and the chronological sequence of settlement activities which is reflected in the vegetation development. Currently, further data are collected to evaluate the settlement pattern of the whole study area. Conclusive analyses as well as further refinement of the temporal resolution of the pollen diagrams are scheduled for the last project stage. Thereby, the results will be connected to archaeological findings and climatic changes during that time. Which similarities or differences between the neighbouring regions in Schleswig-Holstein and the Netherlands exist will be analysed with statistical techniques.