Pottery traditions of Early Medieval shell-tempered ware in northwestern Central Europe

公元8世纪至10世纪，北海南部沿海地区的陶器库存在很大程度上以贝壳回火陶器的出现为特征。然而，贝壳陶器也出现在其主要分布区之外；这种陶器特别是在北海和波罗的海地区的中世纪早期贸易地点发现的。一般而言，这与弗里斯交易者的存在有关。由于其超区域分布，贝壳回火陶器对于重建北海和波罗的海沿岸的中世纪早期贸易网络具有突出的重要性。在该研究项目的框架内，将利用各种考古分析方法收集贝壳回火陶器及其原材料的广泛技术方面的数据库。在拟议的一期工程中，重点应放在陶器群主要集散区及其周边区域的陶器。这一地区从东弗里西亚和易北威塞三角的荷兰沼泽地一直延伸到石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因的西海岸。这些调查的目的是确定用于生产的原材料及其加工的技术特点，以便区分区域工艺传统，并可能确定核心区内的个别作坊。此外，这些分析将有助于更准确地定位贝壳回火陶器的产区。在二期工程中，收集的数据将作为核心区外发现的贝壳回火陶器分析的重要参考。为此，贝壳回火陶器将被纳入研究范围，这些陶器作为外来商品出现在多雷斯塔德、里贝、考邦和海德比等不同的地点。一个需要澄清的问题是，根据匹配的粘土成分和技术特征，可以在多大程度上确定这种外国陶器材料与当地陶器之间的相似之处，这将指向当地的生产。这也将是有趣的，看看有哪些可能的差异或匹配的贝壳回火陶器来自遥远的地点和地区。最后，调查是否有可能将在贸易场所发现的贝壳回火锅与主要分布区的Find集体和车间联系起来。这一结果有望为确定超区域分布的贝壳回火陶器的产地做出重要贡献。此外，比较研究将为来自北海地区的贸易商提供不同的货物流动和贸易路线的重要证据。对贝壳回火陶器的分析将获得对超区域贸易的新见解，这一贸易曾强烈影响中欧西北部的中世纪早期。

Between the 8th and 10th centuries, the pottery inventories of the southern North Sea coastal area are characterized to a considerable extent by the appearance of shell-tempered pottery. However, shell- tempered pottery occurs also outside of its main distribution area; the ware is found especially at the Early Medieval trading sites in the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. In general, this is associated with the presence of Frisian traders. Due to its supra-regional distribution, the shell-tempered pottery is of outstanding importance for the reconstruction of Early Medieval trading networks along the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. Within the framework of the research project a broad database of technological aspects of the shell-tempered pottery and its raw material is to be collected using various archaeometric analysis methods. In the proposed first phase of the project, the focus should be on pottery in the main distribution area of the ware group and its peripheral zones. This area extends from the Dutch marshlands over East Frisia and the Elbe-Weser triangle to the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein. The aim of these investigations is to characterize the raw materials used for the production as well as the technological features of their processing in order to differentiate regional craft traditions and possibly to identify individual workshops within the core area. In addition, the analyses should help to localize the production area of the shell-tempered pottery more precisely. In the second phase of the project, the collected data will serve as an important reference for the analysis of shell-tempered pottery found outside the core area. For this purpose, shell-tempered pottery, which occurs as foreign good in various sites such as Dorestad, Ribe, Kaupang and Hedeby, is to be included in the study. One question needing clarification is to what extent similarities between this foreign pottery material and the local ware can be identified based on matching clay compositions and technological features, which would point to a local production. It will also be interesting to see, which possible differences or matches of shell-tempered pottery from distant sites and regions might occur. Finally, investigating whether it is possible to relate shell-tempered pots found at the trade-places with the find ensembles and workshops in the main distribution areas. The result is expected to contribute significantly to the determination of the provenance of the supra-regionally distributed shell-tempered pottery. In addition, the comparative studies will give important evidence of different flows of goods and trade routes of traders originating from the North Sea region. The analysis of shell-tempered pottery will gain new insights into the supra-regional trade, which was strongly influencing the Early Middle Ages of north-western Central Europe.