Early medieval harbours between Wismar Bay and Danzig Bay (Germany/Poland)

维斯马湾和但泽湾之间的早期中世纪港口（德国/波兰）

• 批准号: 219305126
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/219305126?language=en
• 关键词: Early; medieval; harbours; between; Wismar

The aim of the project is a systematic and interdisciplinary study of the structures of early medieval maritime emporia between Wismar Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk. The activities carried out during the first phase of the project led to many new results regarding the landscape and settlement history of the individual study areas. Thus, first patterns of the choice of the locations could be examined: for the founding of landing places and ports protected areas in bays and lagoons or along rivers were preferred, while the associated settlement was often was established in close proximity on elevated locations. The landing sites and shore lines were partially stabilized by wooden installations. In several cases was the connection between port and settlement systematically expanded and fixed within the framework of larger infrastructure. If cemeteries are known, they are usually in an elevated position and offered a view over the emporia with their landing sites or ports. Particularly evident was the dependence of the settlement complexes on paleogeographic processes: sedimentation, changes in water level or multiple flood events led to extensive expansion and installation of infrastructural ameliorations within settlements and also the ports. For Bardy/Swielubie and Groß Strömkendorf is to assume that the high dynamics of the river and the relative sea-level rise respectively might have been a reason for the abandonment of the settlements. In the applyed second phase of the project existing knowledge will be tightly focussed and deepened with the help of additional geological, geophysical and archaeological prospection and analysis. In addition to the paleogeographic conditions for the establishment of ports it remains to be clarified, how the harbours were linked to their respective settlements, what social and economic function the harbors possessed within the settlement structure and whether for loading and unloading of boats and ships jetties or piers were built. Due to the excellent preservation of organic materials in all study sites it is proposed to do complementary paleobotanical and zoological analyzes. They certainly will allow the compilation of numerous details about the materials used, but also for the food aliment and the environmental conditions. At the end of the project the results and a synthesis of the research project will completely be published.

该项目的目的是对维斯马尔湾和格但斯克湾之间的中世纪早期海上商业区的结构进行系统的跨学科研究。在项目第一阶段开展的活动导致了许多关于各个研究地区的景观和定居历史的新成果。因此，可以研究选择地点的第一种模式：在海湾和泻湖或沿着建立登陆点和港口保护区是首选，而相关的定居点往往建立在海拔较高的地方。登陆点和海岸线部分用木制装置加固。在一些情况下，港口和定居点之间的联系得到了系统的扩大，并固定在更大的基础设施框架内。如果墓地是已知的，他们通常是在一个较高的位置，并提供了一个意见，在商场与他们的着陆点或港口。特别明显的是，定居点复合体对古地理过程的依赖：沉积、水位变化或多次洪水事件导致定居点和港口内基础设施的广泛扩张和改善。对于Bardy/Swielubie和Grown Strömkendorf来说，假设河流的高动态和相对海平面上升可能分别是放弃定居点的原因。在项目的第二阶段，将通过更多的地质、地球物理和考古勘探和分析，密切关注和深化现有知识。除了建立港口的古地理条件外，还有待澄清的是，港口如何与各自的定居点联系在一起，港口在定居点结构中具有什么样的社会和经济功能，以及是否建造了码头或码头来装卸船只和船只。由于所有研究地点的有机材料保存完好，建议进行补充性的古植物学和动物学分析。他们肯定会允许汇编有关所用材料的许多细节，但也为食品和环境条件。项目结束时，研究项目的结果和综合将完整发布。