The graves of the Fallward cemetry in the mirror of their organic objects - research on the funerary customs of the late Roman and Migration Period in northwestern Germany

法尔沃德公墓的坟墓在其有机物体的镜子中——德国西北部罗马晚期和移民时期的丧葬习俗研究

• 批准号: 432733919
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/432733919?language=en
• 关键词: graves; Fallward; cemetry; mirror; their

North of the Wurt Fallward, district of Cuxhaven, 200 cremation and 60 inhumation graves from the 4th and 5th centuries were excavated in the 1990s. They belong to a burial place that was laid out in the area of a beach ridge of the Lower Weser River. Some grave pits were dug deep down into the fossil marsh clay. Here, the anaerobic environment offered optimal conditions for the preservation of organic materials. In addition to the bones, wooden grave structures as well as complete inventories of grave goods made of wood and textiles but also remains of plants laid into the graves were more or less completely preserved. The detailed evaluation and publication of this important graveyard has therefore long been regarded as a desideratum of research. This is now implemented in the project, which has been funded by the DFG since 2020. The research done so far on the grave inventories, which are unparalleled in northern Central Europe, opened up a unique perspective for the reconstruction of burial traditions in a late antique settlement region of the Barbaricum. In addition, it may be evaluated whether the supra-regional contacts postulated for various contemporary sites in the Elbe-Weser triangle, are also reflected in the local burial rites of the Wurt Fallward. During the first phase of the project, the investigations focused on the six best-preserved burials. Of these, there are unprocessed organic artefacts and find layers, some of which have been secured by block-lifting. An interdisciplinary bundle of methods used in archaeology, textile archaeology, dendrochronology, anthropology, paleogenetics and paleobotany is the backbone of the investigation. Their combined application has already enabled numerous new insights into the socio-economic and socio-cultural status as well as to the supra-regional contacts of the local funeral community. In the now applied second project phase – also designed to run for 36 months –, the successful interdisciplinary research will be continued and intensified. Initially, the research on the above-mentioned graves shall be completed. But also the poorly preserved or less extensively equipped burials as well as the cremation graves that have not yet been processed, will be in the focus of the archaeological, textile-archaeological and archaeobotanical investigations. The investigations will again include anthropological and aDNA analyses of the skeletons, but shall additionally comprise also archaeozoological observations of the animal bones. With archaeometric analyses, in particular a comprehensive investigation of the colours visible on wooden accessories, which are unique for the regions north of the Alps, the previous studies will experience a significant expansion. Altogether, it is to be expected that the research will contribute considerably to the understanding of the settlement history and social history of north-western Germany in the time of the Roman Empire and the Migration Period.

在1990年代，在第4和5世纪的沃特瀑布（Wurt Fallward）以北，Cuxhaven区，200个和5世纪的60个无名坟墓。它们属于一个葬礼的地方，该墓地被布置在下韦瑟河的海滩山脊区域。一些严重的坑深入化石沼泽粘土。在这里，厌氧环境为保存有机材料提供了最佳条件。除骨头外，木制的坟墓结构以及由木材和纺织品制成的坟墓的完整清单，但也被放入重力的植物被保存到或多或少被完全保存。因此，对这个重要墓地的详细评估和发布长期以来一直被视为一种研究。现在在该项目中实施了这项项目，该项目自2020年以来一直由DFG资助。到目前为止，在中欧北部无与伦比的严重库存进行的研究为重建Barbaricum的后期古董环境地区重建埋葬传统提供了独特的观点。此外，可以评估是否还反映在埃尔贝翼三角形中各种现代地点的上区域接触，也反映在沃尔特堕落的当地埋葬仪式中。在项目的第一阶段，调查集中于六个保存最完好的葬礼。其中，有未经加工的有机伪像并查找层，其中一些用于考古学，纺织考古学，树突学，人类学，人类学，古遗传学和古生物植物的方法是投资的基础。他们的合并应用已经使许多新的见解对社会经济和社会文化地位以及当地葬礼社区的超区域接触。在现在应用的第二个项目阶段（也旨在运行36个月）中，成功的跨学科研究将继续并启发。最初，有关上述毕业生的研究应完成。但是，尚未处理的较不及格的埋葬以及尚未处理的奶油重力也将成为考古，纺织 - 辅助和考古植物学研究的重点。这些投资将再次包括对骨骼的人类学和ADNA分析，但还将完成动物骨骼的存档档案。通过存档的分析，特别是对木制配件可见的颜色进行的全面研究，这对于阿尔卑斯山以北的地区是独一无二的，先前的研究将经历重大扩展。总的来说，可以预料的是，这项研究将在罗马帝国和移民时期仔细地理解德国西北部的环境历史和社会历史。