Structure and organisation of the economy and society in the East Frisian coastal area during the early Middle Ages: The settlement area at Dunum, in the District of Wittmund, is taken as a regional model

中世纪早期东弗里斯兰沿海地区经济和社会的结构和组织：以维特蒙德区杜努姆的聚居区为区域模型

• 批准号: 235130850
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/235130850?language=en
• 关键词: Structure; organisation; economy; society; East

The finds and features unearthed in the course of the archaeological study of settlements have shown that the communities settled in the southern part of the North Sea coastal region in the early Middle Ages played a special role in the organisation of supra-regional communication and trade. The extremely fertile pasture and arable land at the junction between the marshes and the areas of Pleistocene sandy soil permitted the production and processing of numerous agricultural commodities, far beyond the quantities required for mere subsistence. High-quality textiles were a particularly important item in the range of products. These textiles, known in contemporary sources as pallia fresonica, were traded via a wide-spread distribution network that covered large parts of central and northern Europe. Following a model generated by Detlev Ellmers, it is generally assumed that this trade was first organised by decentralized itinerant traders attached to feudal territories in the early Middle Ages and then developed into a system of trading centres with locally based professional craftsmen. However, the validity of this model has not been properly tested and neither a detailed analysis of the identifiable developments in the coastal regions during the early Middle Ages nor an investigation of the social and economic structures behind these developments has yet been undertaken. These are the subject of the project for which application is made here. The starting point is the area around Dunum, in the District of Wittmund, where a certain number of investigations into the vegetation, landscape and settlement history have already been carried out. During the early Middle Ages, this was a settlement area surrounded by lowlands and moors with direct access to the North Sea. Although there were at least eight separate settlements, the inhabitants buried their dead in a common graveyard from the 7th to 10th century, i.e. well beyond the phase of the first missionary efforts. The graveyard has already been almost completely investigated archaeologically. These earlier investigations revealed that the graves had been extensively covered by plaggen soil, which not only protected them from modern agricultural activity but also created a favourable chemical milieu for the preservation of metal grave goods and the organic substances adhering to them. The Dunum settlement area thus provides an excellent opportunity to test Ellmers above-mentioned model as well as to seek new information on the early medieval economy and the spiritual world attached to the countryside (imaginary landscapes) and their evolution. It can be assumed that the insights obtained within the framework of this project into the socio-cultural interaction among the inhabitants of this border area at the junction of the Pleistocene sandy soil and the marshes can be used as a model in understanding other settlement areas in the southern North Sea coastal region.

在聚落考古研究过程中出土的发现和特征表明，中世纪早期定居在北海沿海地区南部的社区在组织跨区域交流和贸易方面发挥了特殊的作用。位于沼泽和更新世沙土地区交界处的极其肥沃的牧场和耕地使许多农产品得以生产和加工，远远超过了仅仅维持生计所需的数量。高质量的纺织品是产品系列中特别重要的一项。这些纺织品在当代被称为pallia resorica，通过覆盖中欧和北欧大片地区的广泛分销网络进行交易。按照德特列夫·埃尔默斯提出的模型，人们通常认为，这种贸易最初是由中世纪早期隶属于封建领地的分散的巡回商人组织的，然后发展成一个由当地专业工匠组成的贸易中心系统。然而，这一模型的有效性还没有得到适当的检验，也没有对中世纪早期沿海地区可识别的发展进行详细分析，也没有对这些发展背后的社会和经济结构进行调查。这些都是在这里申请的项目的主题。起点是Wittmund区的Dunum周围地区，在那里已经对植被、景观和定居点历史进行了一定数量的调查。在中世纪早期，这是一个被低地和沼泽包围的定居区，直接通往北海。虽然至少有八个独立的定居点，但从7世纪到10世纪，居民们将他们的死者埋葬在一个共同的墓地里，这远远超出了最初传教努力的阶段。这个墓地已经几乎完成了考古调查。这些较早前的调查显示，这些坟墓被大量的斜生土壤覆盖，这不仅保护了它们免受现代农业活动的影响，还为保存金属墓葬物品和附着在它们上面的有机物质创造了有利的化学环境。因此，Dunum聚居区提供了一个极好的机会来测试Ellmers上述模式，并寻求关于中世纪早期经济和依附于乡村的精神世界(想象中的风景)及其演变的新信息。可以假定，在该项目框架内对更新世沙土和沼泽交界处这一边界地区居民之间的社会文化互动所获得的见解，可以作为理解北海南部沿海地区其他聚居区的模式。