SBIR Phase I: Ploidy Induction with Penaeid Shrimp for Protection of Investment in Selective Breeding

SBIR 第一阶段：用对虾进行倍性诱导以保护选择性育种投资

• 批准号: 9860110
• 负责人: Robert Shleser
• 金额: $ 9.99万
• 依托单位: Aquatic Farms
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-01-01 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9860110&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Ploidy; Induction; Penaeid

9860110 This SBIR Phase I Project focuses on mass production of triploid marine shrimp. Marine shrimp culture experienced exponential growth between 1980 and 1990, increasing from 5% to 28% of total world production. Since then, farmed shrimp production has stagnated due to disease and water quality problems. Disease problems are largely due to dependence on wild caught shrimp broodstock and seed which carry many untreatable viral diseases. A solution to this problem is closed-cycle culture using specific pathogen free (SPF) and specific disease resistant (SDR) shrimp. Closed-cycle culture also permits genetic selection for improved culture performance. To protect a seed producer's investments in SPF, SDR and genetic selection, it is highly desirable to sell only sterile seed. Triploidy is a possible solution since triploids of other species are typically sterile but may exhibit superior culture characteristics. In addition, use of sterile triploids allows use of exotic shrimp species in environmentally sensitive culture areas where exclusion of exotics is a consideration. We propose to develop means of mass production of triploid, Mexican whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and giant tiger prawn (P. monodon) seed. Initial emphasis will be on tetraploidy induction. A successful outcome of our R&D effort will result in significant changes in marine shrimp culture. First, it will help stimulate large-scale investment in SPF, SDR, genetic selection and closed-cycle shrimp culture. Secondly, it will help create opportunities to expand use of exotic shrimp species into environmentally sensitive culture areas. Our company intends to be at the forefront of these opportunities.

9860110 SBIR第一期项目的重点是大规模生产三倍体海洋对虾。海洋对虾养殖在1980年至1990年期间经历了指数增长，从占世界总产量的5%增加到28%。从那时起，由于疾病和水质问题，养殖虾的生产一直停滞不前。疾病问题很大程度上是由于依赖野生捕获的虾亲虾和种子，它们携带许多无法治疗的病毒性疾病。这个问题的解决方案是使用无特定病原体（SPF）和特定疾病抗性（SDR）虾的封闭循环培养。封闭循环培养还允许遗传选择以改善培养性能。为了保护种子生产商在SPF、SDR和遗传选择方面的投资，非常希望只出售不育种子。三倍体是一种可能的解决方案，因为其他物种的三倍体通常是不育的，但可能表现出上级培养特性。此外，使用不育的三倍体允许在环境敏感的养殖区使用外来虾种，其中排除外来物种是一个考虑。我们建议开发三倍体、南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）和斑节对虾（P. monodon）种子的大量生产方法。最初的重点将是四倍体诱导。 我们研发工作的成功结果将导致海洋对虾养殖的重大变化。首先，它将有助于刺激对SPF、SDR、遗传选择和封闭循环对虾养殖的大规模投资。其次，它将有助于创造机会，将外来虾种的使用扩大到环境敏感的养殖区。我们的公司打算站在这些机会的最前沿。