An Exploratory Study for Coupling Biota, Energy and the Hydrological Cycle in Simple Nonlinear Models of Planetary Climate

9903125 Gupta这是一个探索性的，跨学科的建议，开发一类新的非线性0-D模型，称为动态面积分数模型（DAFM）。他们的目的是调查的“生理学”的类似地球的系统中，生物区系，水文和碳循环，海洋和冰盖，以及辐射能量平衡是非线性耦合。 关于这方面的一个著名模型是沃森和洛夫洛克（1983）的黛西世界模型。最近，研究表明（Weber，J. Climate，2000），当两种雏菊都存在时，雏菊世界中热传输的参数化方法可保持平衡的局部温度，与太阳辐射无关。 对雏菊世界的其他严重批评来自这样一个事实，即它不包括类似地球气候的主要组成部分：1。它没有水循环与蒸发，降水和大气环流; 2。没有海洋; 3。它没有冰帽，4。没有碳循环。DAFM专门设计用于以现实的方式将表面特性的动态变化与辐射和质量平衡相耦合。这一目标是通过将箱形模型中区域的相对大小作为预测字段来实现的，该预测字段随局部平衡的函数动态更新。 将进行诊断研究，以比较不同参数化对Daisyworld和DAFM之间变暖太阳下行星温度稳态的影响。简单的非线性数学模型是通用的，非常适合于确定关键参数和反馈，以及模型预测和观测之间的差异，而这在复杂的气候模型（如GCM）中并不容易做到。这项研究将作为向NSF提交一份为期三年的综合性跨学科研究提案的基础。

9903125GuptaThis is an exploratory, interdisciplinary proposal to develop a new class of nonlinear 0-D models, called Dynamic Area Fraction Models (DAFMs). They are designed to investigate the 'physiology' of an Earth-like system in which the biota, the hydrological and carbon cycles, the oceans and ice caps, and the radiative energy balance are nonlinearly coupled. A well-known model on this context is the Daisyworld model of Watson and Lovelock (1983). Recently, it has been shown (Weber, J. Climate, 2000) that the method of parameterization of the heat transport in Daisyworld maintains equilibrium local temperatures independent of solar radiation when both species of daisy are present. Other serious criticisms of the Daisyworld come form the fact that it does not include the major components of an earth-like climate: 1. It has no water cycle with evaporation, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation; 2. It has no oceans; 3. It has no ice caps, and 4. It contains no carbon cycle. DAFMs are designed specifically to couple dynamic changes in surface characteristics to radiative and mass balances in a realistic way. This objective is accomplished by treating the relative size of regions in a box model as prognostic fields that update dynamically with functions of the local balances. Diagnostic studies will be carried out to compare the effect of different parameterizations on the homeostasis of planetary temperature under a warming sun between the Daisyworld and the DAFMs. Simple nonlinear mathematical models are versatile and ideal for identifying key parameters and feedbacks, and discrepancies between model predictions and observations, which is not so easy to do in complex climate models such as GCMs. This study would serve as a basis to submit a three-year comprehensive, interdisciplinary research proposal to NSF.