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Interactions of photoperiod, size-rank in the litter, and sex on development, stability and fitness components of the behavioural phenotype

光周期、窝内大小等级和性别对行为表型的发育、稳定性和适应性组成部分的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
135044424
负责人：
Professor Dr. Fritz Trillmich
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Verhaltensforschung
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Units
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2008-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/135044424?language=en
关键词：
Interactions photoperiod size rank litter

项目摘要

Ecological and social conditions have the potential to influence the ontogenetic development of behavioural phenotypes. However, there has so far been little experimental work aiming at determining and disentangling these early influences on the development of behavioural phenotypes. We chose photoperiod - as a predictor of expected ecological conditions - and sibling interactions within a litter as factors that are likely to influence the development of behavioural phenotypes in a wide spectrum of species. We have shown that photoperiod, as expected, strongly influences the development of behavioural phenotypes in cavies (Cavia aperea), even though the effects may be reversible. We will now study the resulting fitness effects through match-mismatch experiments where we place animals, reared under an artificial spring photoperiod in the lab, into the same or into an autumn photoperiod outdoors and vice versa with animals reared under autumn conditions. Besides photoperiod, we found size-rank in the litter and sex also influential in determining behavioural phenotypes. Such sibling effects are widely known among animals (and humans), but have hardly been studied experimentally. We now suggest to investigate these influences through cross-fostering experiments. We will exchange the largest or smaller pups in a litter to other litters in such a way that these pups either find themselves in the same size-rank as in their litter of origin or in the other position and will determine how this influences the development of their behavioural phenotypes. These experiments will enable us to disentangle how the interactions between photoperiod, size-rank in litter, and sex contribute to the developing behavioural phenotype. Additionally, these experiments should enable us to assess the influence of maternal and genetic effects on the developing behavioural phenotype. Through comparison of our data with those on altricial voles we expect to get a better understanding of the effects of different parental care patterns on the life history and behavioural phenotypes of young. To put the findings of these studies into a general framework we plan to model the connections and interactions between environmental and social factors and the development of behavioural phenotypes. In this way, our study will contribute substantial knowledge to the ontogenetic emergence of behavioural phenotypes, their stability and adaptiveness.

生态和社会条件有可能影响行为表型的个体发育。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有旨在确定和理清这些对行为表型发展的早期影响的实验工作。我们选择了光周期--作为预期生态条件的预测因子--以及一窝幼崽中的兄弟姐妹相互作用，作为可能影响广泛物种行为表型发展的因素。我们已经证明，正如预期的那样，光周期强烈影响豚鼠(Cavia Aperea)行为表型的发育，尽管这种影响可能是可逆的。现在，我们将通过匹配不匹配实验来研究由此产生的健身效果。在匹配错配实验中，我们将在实验室人工春季光周期下饲养的动物放入相同的或秋季光周期中，反之亦然。除了光周期外，我们还发现幼崽的大小和性别对决定行为表型也有影响。这种兄弟姐妹效应在动物(和人类)中广为人知，但几乎没有实验研究。我们现在建议通过交叉培养实验来研究这些影响。我们将一窝中最大或较小的幼崽交换到其他幼崽中，使这些幼崽要么发现自己与它们的原生幼崽处于相同的大小排名，要么处于其他位置，并将确定这将如何影响它们行为表型的发展。这些实验将使我们能够解开光周期、窝产仔大小和性别之间的交互作用如何对发育的行为表型做出贡献。此外，这些实验应该使我们能够评估母体和遗传效应对发育行为表型的影响。通过将我们的数据与野生田鼠的数据进行比较，我们希望能更好地了解不同的父母教养方式对幼鼠生活史和行为表型的影响。为了将这些研究的结果放入一个一般的框架中，我们计划对环境和社会因素与行为表型发展之间的联系和相互作用进行建模。通过这种方式，我们的研究将为个体发育中行为表型的出现、它们的稳定性和适应性贡献大量的知识。