Tracking Individual Differences in Decision Making

追踪决策中的个体差异

• 批准号: 0001316
• 负责人: Irwin Levin
• 金额: $ 16.46万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0001316&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tracking; Individual; Differences; Decision; Making

Abstract Levin #0001316 Why do two persons, faced with exactly the same decision, decide differently? Tile existence of individual differences in judgment and decision making has been widely noted but riot many previous studies have focused on identifying the antecedent conditions. Tin this proposal we focus on stable person characteristics that relate to the manner in which information is processed in arriving at a judgment or decision. The proposed experiments will provide links between individual difference indices and measures of the process by which a decision maker reaches his or her final choice. Individual difference measures to be used in the proposed research include personality factors such as extraversion and neuroticiscn which have been shown in previous research to account for significant variance in various tasks in memory and cognition, measures of affective state, and most notably, a measure of cognitive style widely and successfully used in the areas of persuasion and attitude change but only recently used in the area of judgment. and decision making. Such measures should provide us with new insights into why, in the same situation, one person will decide one way and another person will decide the other way.

为什么两个人在面对完全相同的决定时，会做出不同的决定？个体在判断和决策方面的差异已经被广泛注意到，但许多先前的研究都集中在确定前因条件上。在这个建议中，我们把重点放在稳定的人的特征上，这些特征与在做出判断或决定时处理信息的方式有关。拟议中的实验将提供个体差异指数与决策者达成其最终选择的过程的度量之间的联系。研究中使用的个体差异测量包括性格因素，如外向性和神经性，这些因素在之前的研究中已经被证明可以解释记忆和认知中各种任务的显著差异，情感状态的测量，最值得注意的是，一种认知风格的测量被广泛并成功地应用于说服和态度改变领域，但最近才被用于判断领域。还有决策。这些措施应该为我们提供新的见解，为什么在同样的情况下，一个人会决定一种方式，而另一个人会决定另一种方式。