Dissertation Research: Systematic Investigations in the Basidiomycete Genus Coprinus Phylogeny, Character Evolution, and Development

系统发生分类学可以提供对进化的深刻见解 但直到最近才被应用于真菌， 传统的形态特征数量少， 通常被认为是以趋同或平行的方式进化的。 随着产生独立数据的分子方法的出现 和现代系统的方法进行系统发育分析的所有 类型的字符，它已成为可能取得进展， 了解真菌的进化史。 这项研究的目的是为了产生一个广泛的- 鸡腿菇属Coprinus（L.：Fr.）S.F.格雷和 利用这种遗传学来研究真菌特征 已经进化了 多个字符集将从 形态、分子和发育来源。 形态特征将从宏观的研究中得出， 鲜、干担子果的显微特征， 在实验室中生长的活菌丝体。 限制性酶切位点图， DNA序列和基因组织将构成 分子特征 发展数据将包括 对子实体的薄切片进行观察。 数据集 将一起和单独使用支序分析 方法来确定一个共识的遗传。 字符 然后通过单独绘制特征图来研究进化 关于共识的起源 这项研究将1。阐明真菌的进化模式 形态学与发育，2。更好地了解 哪些真菌特征在系统发生学意义上提供信息 以及在什么样的分类水平上，3.提供了一个系统发育 一个重要的真菌属的假说，和4。用作 通过整合的进化研究模型 多个数据集通过分支系统框架进行分析。

Phylogenetic systematics can offer great insights into evolution but until recently has rarely been applied to fungi because traditional morphological characters are few in number and are thought to have often evolved in a convergent or parallel manner. With the advent of molecular methods to generate independent data and modern systematic approaches for phylogenetic analysis of all types of characters it has become possible to make progress in understanding the evolutionary history of fungi. The objectives of the proposed research are to produce a broad- scale phylogeny for the genus Coprinus (Pers.:Fr.) S.F. Gray and use this phylogeny to study the manner in which fungal characters have evolved. Multiple character sets will be generated from morphological, molecular, and developmental sources. Morphological characters will be drawn from the study of macro- and microscopic characters of fresh and dried basidiocarps and living mycelia grown in the laboratory. Restriction site maps, DNA sequences, and gene organization will constitute the molecular characters. Developmental data will consist of observations made on thin sections of fruitbodies. Data sets will be analyzed together and separately using cladistic methodologies to determine a consensus phylogeny. Character evolution will then be studied by individually mapping characters onto the consensus phylogeny. This research will 1. elucidate evolutionary patterns in fungal morphology and development, 2. provide a better understanding of which fungal characters are informative in a phylogenetic sense and at what taxonomic levels, 3. provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for an important genus of fungi, and 4. serve as a model for the study of evolution through the integration of multiple data sets analyzed through a cladistic framework.