Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urban-Rural Relations in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru: Deciphering the Ritualization of Power in Moche Political Systems

在Alan Kolata博士的指导下，Edward Swenson先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的研究集中在位于秘鲁北方海岸的Jequetepeque山谷的史前晚期。虽然这一地区以印加文明而闻名，该文明将南美洲西部的大片地区统一在中央集权的政治统治下，但印加人实际上只是一系列王国中的最后一个。其前身莫切人取得了类似的成果，尽管规模较小，他们在热克特佩克山谷的存在以土坯金字塔土丘为特征，标志着主要和次要中心，技术先进，艺术精美的陶瓷和冶金制品以及复杂的中央管理的农业系统与灌溉运河。根据定居点的规模，帕卡特纳穆很可能是权力的集中地，也是中央行政中心。斯温森先生希望了解莫切王国内部的政治集中程度以及整合其组成部分所采用的机制。他提出了几种可供选择的模式：一个极端是将城市控制直接延伸到内陆地区，在那里，中级或二级城市作为行政前哨，以加强精英的城市统治。另一方面，经济上自治的社区有可能保持相当程度的独立。为了评估这些替代方案，斯文森先生将利用这样一个事实，即这些遗址中有许多只是被最低程度地掩埋，而且保存完好。事实上，它是可能的跟踪结构的墙壁，并确定其大小和构象。根据它们的性质和它们所包含的人工制品，有证据表明，许多都是用于仪式和仪式的功能，有了这些数据，人们可以比较各个次级中心之间以及这些中心与首都之间的形式相似性。相似性越大，表明统一程度越高，表明集中控制程度越高。在国家科学基金会的支持下，斯文森先生将绘制山谷中15到20个已知次级遗址的数字地图。其结果将是场地的平面图和三维建筑模型，从而可以对仪式建筑进行空间分析。考古材料将通过地表收集和有限的挖掘来收集，这些材料为遗址的功能提供了证据。它将为希望了解复杂社会如何产生和维持的考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将协助培养一名有前途的青年科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Alan Kolata, Mr. Edward Swenson will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. His research is centered on the late prehistoric period in the Jequetepeque Valley located on the northern coast of Peru. While this region is best known for the Inca civilization which united a large area of western South America under centralized political rule, the Incas were, in fact only the last in a series of kingdoms. A predecessor group, the Moche, achieved a similar result, although on a smaller scale, and their presence in the Jequetepeque Valley is characterized by adobe pyramidal mounds which mark primary and secondary centers, technically sophisticated and artistically exquisite ceramic and metallurgical artifacts and a complex centrally administered agricultural system with irrigation canals. Based on settlement size, it is highly likely that the site of Pacatnamu served as the focus of power and functioned as the central administrative center. Mr. Swenson wishes to understand both the degree of political centralization within the Moche kingdom and the mechanisms employed to integrate its constituent parts. He proposes several alternative models: on one extreme exists the possibility of a direct extension of urban control to the hinterland wherein intermediate or secondary level sites served as administrative outposts to enforce elite urban-based dominance. At the other, it is possible that economically autonomous communities that maintained a significant degree of independence. To assess these alternatives Mr. Swenson will take advantage of the fact that many of these sites are only minimally buried and well preserved. In fact it is possible to trace the walls of structures and determine their size and conformation. Based on their nature and the artifacts they contain, evidence indicates that many served ceremonial and ritual functions and with such data one can compare similarity of form among individual secondary centers and between these and the capital. Greater similarity will indicate a higher degree of unification indicative of greater centralized control. With National Science Foundation support Mr. Swenson will produce digital maps of the 15 to 20 known secondary sites in the valley. The result will be plan views of the sites and three-dimensional architectural models permitting a spatial analysis of ceremonial architecture. Archaeological materials which provide evidence of site function will be collected through both surface collection and limited excavation.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to archaeologists who wish to understand how complex societies arose and were maintained. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.