Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urban-Rural Relations in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru: Deciphering the Ritualization of Power in Moche Political Systems

在艾伦·科拉塔博士的指导下，爱德华·斯文森先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的研究集中在位于秘鲁北部海岸的Jequetepeque山谷的史前晚期。虽然这一地区最著名的是印加文明，它在中央集权的政治统治下统一了南美洲西部的大片地区，但印加人实际上只是一系列王国中的最后一个。他们的前身莫切人取得了类似的结果，尽管规模较小，他们在Jequetepeque山谷的存在以土坯金字塔丘为标志，标志着主要和次要中心，技术复杂和艺术精湛的陶瓷和冶金文物，以及复杂的中央管理的农业系统和灌溉运河。根据定居点的规模，帕卡特纳姆很可能是权力的中心，起到了中央行政中心的作用。Swenson先生希望了解莫切王国内的政治集中程度以及为整合其组成部分而采用的机制。他提出了几种可供选择的模式：一种极端的做法是，将城市控制直接延伸到腹地，将中级或二级地段作为行政前哨，以加强精英在城市中的主导地位。另一方面，保持相当程度独立的经济自治社区也是有可能的。为了评估这些替代方案，斯文森将利用这样一个事实，即这些遗址中的许多只被最小限度地掩埋和保存完好。事实上，追踪结构的壁并确定其大小和构象是可能的。根据它们的性质和所包含的文物，证据表明，许多服务于仪式和仪式功能，利用这些数据，人们可以比较各个二级中心之间以及这些中心和首都之间的形式相似性。更大的相似性将意味着更高的统一程度，这表明更大的集中控制。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，斯文森先生将制作硅谷已知的15到20个次要地点的数字地图。其结果将是遗址的平面图和允许对仪式建筑进行空间分析的三维建筑模型。提供遗址功能证据的考古材料将通过地面收集和有限挖掘两种方式收集。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供考古学家感兴趣的数据，他们希望了解复杂社会是如何产生和维持的。它还将帮助培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Alan Kolata, Mr. Edward Swenson will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. His research is centered on the late prehistoric period in the Jequetepeque Valley located on the northern coast of Peru. While this region is best known for the Inca civilization which united a large area of western South America under centralized political rule, the Incas were, in fact only the last in a series of kingdoms. A predecessor group, the Moche, achieved a similar result, although on a smaller scale, and their presence in the Jequetepeque Valley is characterized by adobe pyramidal mounds which mark primary and secondary centers, technically sophisticated and artistically exquisite ceramic and metallurgical artifacts and a complex centrally administered agricultural system with irrigation canals. Based on settlement size, it is highly likely that the site of Pacatnamu served as the focus of power and functioned as the central administrative center. Mr. Swenson wishes to understand both the degree of political centralization within the Moche kingdom and the mechanisms employed to integrate its constituent parts. He proposes several alternative models: on one extreme exists the possibility of a direct extension of urban control to the hinterland wherein intermediate or secondary level sites served as administrative outposts to enforce elite urban-based dominance. At the other, it is possible that economically autonomous communities that maintained a significant degree of independence. To assess these alternatives Mr. Swenson will take advantage of the fact that many of these sites are only minimally buried and well preserved. In fact it is possible to trace the walls of structures and determine their size and conformation. Based on their nature and the artifacts they contain, evidence indicates that many served ceremonial and ritual functions and with such data one can compare similarity of form among individual secondary centers and between these and the capital. Greater similarity will indicate a higher degree of unification indicative of greater centralized control. With National Science Foundation support Mr. Swenson will produce digital maps of the 15 to 20 known secondary sites in the valley. The result will be plan views of the sites and three-dimensional architectural models permitting a spatial analysis of ceremonial architecture. Archaeological materials which provide evidence of site function will be collected through both surface collection and limited excavation.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to archaeologists who wish to understand how complex societies arose and were maintained. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.