Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Lords of the Snowy Ranges: Urbanism and Landscape Transformation in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia 1000 to 1600 AD

在Alan Kolata博士的监督下，圣地亚哥Giraldo将比较两个Tairona遗址，Pueblito和Ciudad Perdida，以确定随着这些城镇的发展和扩大，是否存在共同或不同的建筑，布局模式以及对周围景观的环境影响。Pueblito和Ciudad Perdida位于哥伦比亚北方海岸的Sierra内华达州de Santa玛尔塔，这是一个以其生物多样性和独特的动植物群植物群而闻名的沿海山脉。佩尔迪达城是一个国家考古公园，位于Sierra内华达州de Santa玛尔塔国家公园范围内，普埃布利托位于Tairona国家公园内。从公元1000年到公元1600年，这两个地方都作为重要的政治、宗教仪式和经济中心而繁荣起来，当时西班牙的圣玛尔塔省省长粉碎了泰罗纳对殖民化的抵抗。在这段时间里，泰罗纳政治建立了广泛的石板铺设的道路网络，灌溉和引水系统，梯田农业领域，并在一个山区约1800平方英里的大型（超过1.2平方英里）石砌城镇。对Tairona的基础研究很重要，因为它提供了这些鲜为人知的社会的社会和政治组织急需的信息。通过解决城市历史，定居点布局和环境影响的问题，该项目解决了有关政治，定居点增长和组织之间的关系，以及其在古代社会更广泛的环境影响的基本问题。为了实现这一目标，该项目试图确定是否存在一种证明特定设计的建筑模式，或者另一方面，这些城镇是否在没有确定计划的情况下缓慢增长。研究工作还将集中在整理与似乎是“核心”或行政区和住宅区有关的两个地点的建筑活动的顺序和时间，以便也可以确定内部变化。也就是说，如果规划和建设集中在某些部门，而不是在特定时刻的其他部门。由于这两个地点的定居点的增长必须伴随着热带森林的砍伐，本研究还将衡量周围地区被改造以适应新结构和表面上更大的人口的程度。将综合利用从这些定居点内外地区采集的花粉芯化石，并将这些数据与现有卫星图像中显示的当前植被格局进行比较，从而重建古代植被格局。该项目将提供有关这些保护区的环境历史和长期影响的新的相关信息。古代人类环境动力学，这将是其他领域的科学家感兴趣的。由于挖掘工作将在这两个遗址向公众开放的地区进行，该项目还将提高人们对有关古代社会的科学研究以及国家和国际机构所作努力的认识。该项目的一个基本组成部分是在国家公园（导游、游客、工作人员、科学工作人员）和圣玛尔塔市的教育机构内进行广泛的公众宣传。在美国，正在进行的努力包括与菲尔德自然历史博物馆（芝加哥）策展人和工作人员进行广泛合作，设计将于2006年开幕的泰罗纳展览，该项目收集的数据将用于该展览。由哥伦比亚人类学和历史研究所主办的项目网站将提供一种快速有效的方式，公布项目成果和信息，而在哥伦比亚和国际权威期刊上发表将确保科学界能够获得这些成果。

Supervised by Dr. Alan Kolata, Santiago Giraldo will compare two Tairona sites, Pueblito and Ciudad Perdida, in order to determine the existence of shared or dissimilar patterns of construction, layout, and environmental impact on the surrounding landscape as these towns grew and expanded. Pueblito and Ciudad Perdida are located in Colombia's northern coast within the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a coastal mountain range noted for its biodiversity and unique fauna and flora. Ciudad Perdida is a national archaeological park located within the confines of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park, and Pueblito is located within Tairona National Park. Both sites flourished as important political, ritual, and economic centers from approximately 1000 A:D until 1600 A.D. when the Spanish governor of the province of Santa Marta crushed Tairona resistance to colonization. During this time, the Tairona polities built extensive flagstone paved road networks, irrigation and water channeling systems, terraced agricultural fields, and large (over 1.2 square mile) stone masonry towns in a mountainous area comprising some 1800 square miles. Basic research on the Tairona is important because it provides much needed information on the social and political organization of these poorly known societies. By addressing questions of urban history, settlement layout, and environmental impact, this project addresses basic issues regarding the relationship between politics, settlement growth and organization, and its broader environmental effects in ancient societies. To achieve this, the project seeks to determine whether a construction pattern evidencing a specific design exists, or, on the other hand, if these towns grew slowly and by accretion, following no determinate plan. Research will also concentrate on sorting out the sequence and timing of construction events at both sites related to what seem to be "core" or administrative areas and residential sectors so that internal variation may also be determined. That is, if planning and construction were concentrated on certain sectors and not others at specific moments in time. Since settlement growth in both sites must have been accompanied by tropical forest clearing, this study will also gauge the extent to which the surrounding areas were modified to accommodate new structures and ostensibly larger populations. Ancient vegetation patterns will be reconstructed through the combined use of fossil pollen cores taken from areas within and outside these settlements, and the comparison of these data to current vegetation patterns evidenced in available satellite imagery.Moving beyond specific research questions relevant to social scientists, this project will produce new and relevant information regarding the environmental history of these conservation areas and the long lasting effects of ancient human-environment dynamics which will be of interest to scientists in other fields. Since excavations will proceed in areas open to the public at both sites, the project will also enhance awareness of scientific research concerning ancient societies, and efforts by national and international institutions. A fundamental component of this project is extensive public outreach within both national parks (guides, visitors, personnel, scientific staff) and in educational institutions in the city of Santa Marta. In the US, ongoing efforts include extensive collaboration with Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) curators and staff in the design of a Tairona exhibit due to open in 2006 for which data collected by this project will be used. A project website hosted by the Colombian Institute for Anthropology and History-ICANH will provide a quick and efficient way of making public project results and information, while publication in Colombian and international refereed journals will ensure that the scientific community has access to these results.