Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Social and Political Role of Domestic Architecture in Chachapoyas,Peru

在Alan Kolata博士的监督下，Anna Guengerich将绘制、挖掘和分析秘鲁北部Monte Viudo遗址的文物，以确定古代查查波亚社会不同寻常的住宅建筑的意义。蒙特维乌多是一个山顶定居点，被查查波亚文化的人占领，查查波亚文化在公元800至1500年间繁荣起来，位于安第斯山脉和亚马逊之间的崎岖环境中。尽管秘鲁近几十年来一些最引人注目的考古发现都来自这一地区，但人们对这些社会仍然知之甚少。这个项目将是第一个完全聚焦于单一的非纪念性聚落遗址，这样做将为查查波亚社会的政治、社会和经济特征及其成员的日常生活提供重要的基本数据。了解查查波亚家庭的不同寻常的特征将有助于社会科学家更广泛地研究家庭、政治和建筑之间的关系，并将有助于提炼过去用于识别和理解居住的考古学原理。特别是，研究将调查蒙特维乌多居住建筑的属性是如何与社区内的仪式和政治活动相关的：这些行为如何影响居住的建造，而这些建筑又是如何继续塑造它们内部和外部发生的活动的？与许多查查波亚遗址一样，该遗址的建筑完全由圆形石头结构组成，学者们通常将其解读为房屋，但尚未有研究人员进行挖掘来验证这一推论。事实上，这些建筑的艺术精致、建造的专业技术，以及公共建筑甚至空地的缺失，表明圆形住宅结构可能已经在社会中发挥了重要作用，超出了正常意义上的“房子”。研究将比较建筑特征和发生在不同圆形结构中的工艺生产、食物准备、消费和仪式活动的种类，与该遗址的其他类型的空间形成对比；这应该揭示居住空间是否是政治和仪式以及家庭活动的重要场所。了解查查波亚民居的不同寻常的特征将有助于社会科学家更广泛地研究家庭、政治和建筑之间的关系，并有助于完善用于识别和理解过去民居的考古学原则。该项目的更广泛影响既有本地的，也有国际的。首先，它将为查查波亚斯未来的研究开发基础设施和智力资源。通过纳入来自北美和秘鲁的研究生和大学生，该项目将有助于未来专家的正规教育。将当地居民纳入数据恢复和解释过程将使他们能够在社区一级分享这方面的知识。这些人中的许多人已经在当地担任导游，考古经验将使他们能够成为了解科学知识的专家，能够教育秘鲁和国际游客。结果将通过在学校和社区集会上的演讲在附近的城镇传播，并将在美国和秘鲁的期刊文章、会议演讲中发表，并作为公共网站的一部分。

Under the supervision of Dr. Alan Kolata, Anna Guengerich will map, excavate, and analyze artifacts from the site of Monte Viudo in northern Peru in order to determine the significance of the unusual residential architecture of ancient Chachapoya societies. Monte Viudo was a mountaintop settlement that was occupied by people of the Chachapoya culture, which flourished between AD 800 and 1500 in a rugged environment located between the Andes and Amazon. Although some of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries in Peru in recent decades have come from this region, these societies remain little understood. This project will be the first to focus entirely on a single, non-monumental settlement site, and in so doing will contribute important basic data on political, social, and economic characteristics of Chachapoya societies and on the daily lives of their members.Understanding the unusual characteristics of Chachapoya homes will contribute more broadly to the study by social scientists of the relationship between households, politics, and architecture, and will help refine the archaeological principles used to identify and understand residences in the past.In particular, research will investigate how the attributes of residential architecture at Monte Viudo were related to ritual and political activities within this community: how did these behaviors shape the construction of residences, and how did these buildings in turn continue to shape the activities that took place within and beyond them? The architecture of this site, like many Chachapoya sites, consists entirely of circular stone structures that scholars have generally interpreted as houses, but no researchers have yet carried out excavations to test this inference. In fact, the artistic elaboration of these buildings, the expert techniques of their construction, and the absence of public architecture or even open spaces, suggest that circular residential structures may have played an important role in society that extended beyond the normal definition of a "house." Research will compare architectural features and the kinds of craft production, food preparation, consumption, and ritual activities that occurred in different circular structures, in contrast to other kinds of spaces at this site; this should reveal whether residential spaces were important locations for politics and ritual, as well as domestic activities. Understanding the unusual characteristics of Chachapoya homes will contribute more broadly to the study by social scientists of the relationship between households, politics, and architecture, and will help refine the archaeological principles used to identify and understand residences in the past.The broader impacts of this project are both local and international. First, it will develop infrastructure and intellectual resources for future research in Chachapoyas. By including graduate and university students from North America and Peru, the project will contribute to the formal education of future experts. Including local residents in the process of data recovery and interpretation will equip them to share this knowledge at the community level. Many of these individuals already work as local tour guides, and archaeological experience will enable them to serve as scientifically informed experts able to educate Peruvian and international visitors. Results will be disseminated in nearby towns through presentations at schools and community gatherings, and will be published in journal articles in the U.S. and Peru, in conference presentations, and as part of a public website.