Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Social and Political Role of Domestic Architecture in Chachapoyas,Peru

博士论文改进补助金：秘鲁查查波亚斯国内建筑的社会和政治作用

• 批准号: 1133268
• 负责人: Alan Kolata
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1133268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Social

Under the supervision of Dr. Alan Kolata, Anna Guengerich will map, excavate, and analyze artifacts from the site of Monte Viudo in northern Peru in order to determine the significance of the unusual residential architecture of ancient Chachapoya societies. Monte Viudo was a mountaintop settlement that was occupied by people of the Chachapoya culture, which flourished between AD 800 and 1500 in a rugged environment located between the Andes and Amazon. Although some of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries in Peru in recent decades have come from this region, these societies remain little understood. This project will be the first to focus entirely on a single, non-monumental settlement site, and in so doing will contribute important basic data on political, social, and economic characteristics of Chachapoya societies and on the daily lives of their members.Understanding the unusual characteristics of Chachapoya homes will contribute more broadly to the study by social scientists of the relationship between households, politics, and architecture, and will help refine the archaeological principles used to identify and understand residences in the past.In particular, research will investigate how the attributes of residential architecture at Monte Viudo were related to ritual and political activities within this community: how did these behaviors shape the construction of residences, and how did these buildings in turn continue to shape the activities that took place within and beyond them? The architecture of this site, like many Chachapoya sites, consists entirely of circular stone structures that scholars have generally interpreted as houses, but no researchers have yet carried out excavations to test this inference. In fact, the artistic elaboration of these buildings, the expert techniques of their construction, and the absence of public architecture or even open spaces, suggest that circular residential structures may have played an important role in society that extended beyond the normal definition of a "house." Research will compare architectural features and the kinds of craft production, food preparation, consumption, and ritual activities that occurred in different circular structures, in contrast to other kinds of spaces at this site; this should reveal whether residential spaces were important locations for politics and ritual, as well as domestic activities. Understanding the unusual characteristics of Chachapoya homes will contribute more broadly to the study by social scientists of the relationship between households, politics, and architecture, and will help refine the archaeological principles used to identify and understand residences in the past.The broader impacts of this project are both local and international. First, it will develop infrastructure and intellectual resources for future research in Chachapoyas. By including graduate and university students from North America and Peru, the project will contribute to the formal education of future experts. Including local residents in the process of data recovery and interpretation will equip them to share this knowledge at the community level. Many of these individuals already work as local tour guides, and archaeological experience will enable them to serve as scientifically informed experts able to educate Peruvian and international visitors. Results will be disseminated in nearby towns through presentations at schools and community gatherings, and will be published in journal articles in the U.S. and Peru, in conference presentations, and as part of a public website.

在Alan Kolata博士的监督下，安娜Guengerich将绘制地图，挖掘和分析秘鲁北方Monte Viudo遗址的文物，以确定古代Chachapoya社会不寻常的住宅建筑的意义。 Monte Viudo是一个山顶定居点，由Chachapoya文化的人占据，该文化在公元800年至1500年之间在位于安第斯山脉和亚马逊之间的崎岖环境中蓬勃发展。 尽管近几十年来秘鲁一些最引人注目的考古发现都来自这一地区，但对这些社会的了解仍然很少。 该项目将是第一个完全集中在一个单一的、非纪念性的定居点上的项目，这样做将为查查波亚社会的政治、社会和经济特征及其成员的日常生活提供重要的基础数据。了解查查波亚家庭的不寻常特征将有助于社会科学家更广泛地研究家庭、政治和建筑之间的关系，特别是，研究将调查蒙特维乌多住宅建筑的属性如何与这个社区内的仪式和政治活动有关：这些行为如何塑造住宅的建设，以及这些建筑如何反过来继续塑造发生在它们内部和外部的活动？ 该遗址的建筑与许多查查波亚遗址一样，完全由圆形石结构组成，学者们通常将其解释为房屋，但尚未有研究人员进行挖掘以验证这一推断。 事实上，这些建筑的艺术精心设计，他们的建造技术，以及公共建筑甚至开放空间的缺乏，表明圆形住宅结构可能在社会中发挥了重要作用，超出了“房子”的正常定义。“研究将比较不同圆形结构中发生的建筑特征以及工艺生产、食物准备、消费和仪式活动的类型，与该地点的其他类型空间进行对比;这应该揭示住宅空间是否是政治的重要场所和仪式，以及家庭活动。 了解查查波亚住宅的不寻常特征将有助于社会科学家更广泛地研究家庭、政治和建筑之间的关系，并有助于完善用于识别和理解过去住宅的考古学原理。该项目的更广泛影响既包括当地也包括国际。 首先，它将为查查波亚斯的未来研究开发基础设施和智力资源。 该项目吸收了来自北美和秘鲁的研究生和大学生，将有助于对未来专家的正规教育。 让当地居民参与数据恢复和解释过程将使他们能够在社区一级分享这方面的知识。 其中许多人已经担任当地导游，考古经验将使他们成为能够教育秘鲁和国际游客的科学知识专家。 研究结果将通过在学校和社区集会上的演讲在附近的城镇传播，并将在美国和秘鲁的期刊文章中发表，在会议上发表，并作为公共网站的一部分。