Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Articulating Local and State Authority in the Early Inka State

博士论文改进补助金：阐明早期印加国家的地方和国家权力

• 批准号: 0729740
• 负责人: Alan Kolata
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0729740&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Articulating

Under the supervision of Dr. Alan L. Kolata, Steven Kosiba will analyze data collected during his excavations at Wat'a, a pre-Inka fortified settlement that the Inkas conquered and reorganized during the initial process of state formation in the Cusco area, Peru. Macrobotanical and faunal analysis will be combined with radiocarbon dates in order to investigate how changes in food consumption, processing, and storage underwrote new status distinctions and institutionalized practices of political authority as Wat'a was incorporated into the nascent Inka state. The laboratory analysis will be conducted by both Kosiba and Victor Vasquez Sanchez (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) in the Centro de Investigaciones Arqueobiologicas y Paleoecologicas Andinas, Trujillo, Peru. Located approximately 40km from the Inka capital of Cusco, Wat'a is a large fortified and nucleated pre-Inka settlement. Kosiba's archaeological investigations at Wat'a have demonstrated that it was occupied for approximately 1000 years prior to its architectectural and institutional reorganization during the Inka period, thereby suggesting that Wat'a was an important local space for the articulation of old and new forms of political practice. This research will investigate institutional transformations in domestic and ceremonial food consumption at Wat'a by analyzing excavated macrobotanical and faunal remains from institutional (storage areas, open plazas) and household structures, from both Late Intermediate (LIP, ca. 1000 -1400AD) and Inka Period (ca. 1400-1532AD) contexts. In particular, the project examines the development of Inka period institutionalized feasting by investigating links between pre-Inka and Inka consumption practices at an important political center located within the Inka heartland. Research focusing on feasting activities is important because it investigates how, within prehistoric non-market societies, collective labor was mobilized and authority was constituted through the politicization and institutionalization of everyday practices, such as food consumption. Currently, the institutional organization of Cusco area pre-Inka polities is poorly documented. Yet, Inka transformations of local settlements can only be understood in comparison to the prior organizational structure. In this way, the intellectual merit of the research is its contribution to theories concerned with Inka state formation, and more generally, archaeological accounts of how states establish their authority, mobilize labor, and produce political subjects by selectively transforming and preserving local places and institutional practices. The broader impact of this research will be realized through its integration of research and education, as well as its commitment to the professional training of participating researchers. Results will be presented to a Peruvian and international audience through their inclusion in a new exhibit to be constructed at the CATCCO (Centro Andino de Tecnologia Tradicional y Cultural de las Comunidades de Ollantaytambo) museum in Ollantaytambo, Cusco, Peru. Data will also be made public through inclusion in a website detailing the project's findings in both English and Spanish. Moreover, the research will greatly contribute to Kosiba's doctoral dissertation, allow for the further professional training of Kosiba, and train Peruvian university students in specialized analytical techniques. In this way, the analysis will provide a unique opportunity to strengthen intellectual and cultural partnerships between archaeologists and institutions from Peru and the United States.

在艾伦·L·科拉塔 (Alan L. Kolata) 博士的监督下，史蒂文·科西巴 (Steven Kosiba) 将分析他在瓦特阿 (Wat'a) 发掘过程中收集的数据。瓦特阿是印加之前的一个防御工事定居点，印加人在秘鲁库斯科地区建国初期征服并重组了该定居点。宏观植物学和动物学分析将与放射性碳测年相结合，以调查当瓦特阿并入新生印加国家时，食品消费、加工和储存的变化如何支撑新的地位区别和政治权威的制度化实践。实验室分析将由 Kosiba 和 Victor Vasquez Sanchez（马德里自治大学）在秘鲁特鲁希略安迪纳斯考古生物学和古生态研究中心进行。瓦阿 (Wat'a) 距离印加首都库斯科约 40 公里，是一个大型的防御工事和核心的前印加定居点。科西巴对瓦特阿的考古调查表明，在印加时期的建筑和机构重组之前，该地区已被居住了大约 1000 年，从而表明瓦特阿是表达新旧政治实践形式的重要当地空间。本研究将通过分析中晚期（LIP，约公元 1000 -1400 年）和印加时期（约公元 1400 - 1532 年）制度（储藏区、开放广场）和家庭结构中出土的大型植物和动物遗骸，调查瓦特阿家庭和仪式食品消费的制度变迁。特别是，该项目通过调查位于印加中心地带的一个重要政治中心的前印加和印加消费实践之间的联系，研究了印加时期制度化宴会的发展。以宴会活动为重点的研究很重要，因为它调查了在史前非市场社会中如何通过日常实践（例如食物消费）的政治化和制度化来动员集体劳动和建立权威。目前，库斯科地区前印加政体的制度组织记录很少。然而，印加对当地聚落的改造只能通过与之前的组织结构进行比较来理解。这样，这项研究的智力价值就在于它对有关印加国家形成的理论的贡献，更广泛地说，是对国家如何通过有选择地改变和保存当地场所和制度实践来建立权威、动员劳动力和产生政治主体的考古学描述的贡献。这项研究的更广泛影响将通过研究和教育的整合以及对参与研究人员的专业培训的承诺来实现。研究结果将通过在秘鲁库斯科奥扬泰坦博 CATCCO（Centro Andino de Tecnologia Tradicional y Cultural de las Comunidades de Ollantaytambo）博物馆举办的新展览向秘鲁和国际观众展示。数据还将通过网站公开，以英语和西班牙语详细介绍该项目的调查结果。此外，该研究将为科西巴的博士论文做出巨大贡献，为科西巴提供进一步的专业培训，并培训秘鲁大学生的专业分析技术。通过这种方式，该分析将为加强秘鲁和美国考古学家和机构之间的知识和文化伙伴关系提供独特的机会。