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A motivational approach to information exchange in groups

团体信息交流的激励方法

基本信息

批准号：
149096294
负责人：
Professor Dr. Kai Sassenberg
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2008-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/149096294?language=en
关键词：
motivational approach information exchange groups

项目摘要

Groups have the potential to commit better decisions than individuals, if (a) the member hold different Information that is relevant for the decision (so-called unshared information) and (b) all the information available to the group suggests a different decision than the information available to each member. Research on this sort of situations that are operationalized in the hidden profile paradigm (Stasser & Titus, 1985), has demonstrated that groups mention shared information (i.e. information available to all group members) more often than unshared information. Resulting from this decision quality is not optimal. It has been suggested that beside the stochastic and information processing explanations earlier research focused on, the motivation of group members plays an important role. Therefore, it is the aim of the current research project to study the impact of motivation during group decision making in the hidden profile paradigm. The research program tests a self-regulation approach which considers goals and strategies as key factors. Results of the first funding period suggest that the individual information processing (i.e., the evaluation of information that is inconsistent with the own initial decision and the memory for new information) as well as the decision quality are affected by group members self-regulation. To be more precise, a security oriented self-regulation strategy (i.e., a prevention focus) and individual goals (i.e., striving for a positive image and a good personal decision after the discussion) result in more biased information processing and lower decision quality (compared to group goals and an eager strategy / a promotion focus). So far no impact of goals and strategies on information exchange and no improvement of decision quality as an outcome of these motivational factors were found. The few existing studies suggest that implementing strategies effectively in groups requires the fulfillment of certain conditions. These preconditions for the successful implementation of strategies in groups are therefore the focus of the current research proposal. To be more precise, how exactly the strategies and the group context need to linked, to secure that the strategies are applied in the group context. Two strategies (counterfactual thinking and regulatory focus) and three conditions linking the strategies this the group will be taken into account: (a) the connection between the strategy and behavior in the social context, (b) information suggesting that the other group members got the same strategy activated (i.e., social tuning) and (c) shared activation of the strategy as an experience that satisfies the need for connectedness (i.e., I-sharing).

如果(A)成员持有与决策相关的不同信息(所谓的非共享信息)，以及(B)群体可获得的所有信息表明与每个成员可获得的信息不同的决定，则群体有可能做出比个人更好的决定。对这类情景的研究表明，与非共享信息相比，群体更频繁地提及共享信息(即，对所有群体成员可用的信息)。由此产生的决策质量并不是最优的。研究表明，除了早期研究中关注的随机和信息加工解释外，群体成员的动机也起着重要的作用。因此，研究隐藏轮廓范式下群体决策动机对群体决策的影响是本研究的目的。该研究项目测试了一种将目标和战略视为关键因素的自我调节方法。第一个资助期的结果表明，个体信息处理(即对与自己最初决定不一致的信息的评估和对新信息的记忆)以及决策质量受到群体成员自我调节的影响。更准确地说，以安全为导向的自律战略(即预防重点)和个人目标(即在讨论后争取积极形象和良好的个人决策)导致信息处理更有偏见，决策质量较低(与集体目标和急切的战略/促进重点相比)。到目前为止，没有发现目标和战略对信息交流的影响，也没有发现决策质量作为这些动机因素的结果而提高。已有的少数研究表明，在群体中有效地实施战略需要满足某些条件。因此，在集体中成功执行战略的这些先决条件是本研究提案的重点。更准确地说，战略和集团背景到底需要如何联系起来，以确保战略在集团背景下的应用。两种策略(反事实思维和监管重点)和三种将这两种策略联系在一起的条件将被考虑在内：(A)在社会背景下策略与行为之间的联系，(B)表明其他群体成员激活了相同的策略的信息(即，社会调整)和(C)将共享激活的策略作为满足连通性需求的经验(即，i-分享)。