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The self-regulatory and interpersonal consequences of the construal of power

权力解释的自我监管和人际后果

基本信息

批准号：
288701222
负责人：
Professor Dr. Kai Sassenberg
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/288701222?language=en
关键词：
self regulatory interpersonal consequences construal

项目摘要

Many social relations are characterized by social power: Some individuals have asymmetric control over resources (e.g., money, information) which other individuals depend on. This applies to societies, academia, public institutions, and other organizations. How does a powerful position alter social behavior? The media and public discussions often display social power as a corruptive force: Power-holders frequently seem to misuse their power to own ends (e.g., to secure personal benefits) while neglecting their responsibility for others. Substantial evidence from power research supports this idea: By providing relative freedom and opportunities, power seems to tempt individuals to act rather selfishly. Yet, there are also many examples of power-holders who seem highly sensitive to others and treat their subordinates considerately. Initial evidence, suggests, indeed, that power can - at times - be exercised responsibly thereby facilitating effective collaboration with subordinates. This highlights the importance of a responsible use of power to ensure organizational performance and the functioning of social relations. To today, however, a theoretical and empirical approach to explain when and how power-holders do become sensitive to others is lacking. The present research proposal addresses this gap. Social power (i.e., asymmetric control over others outcomes) provides the power-holder both with opportunities (e.g., to secure personal benefits) and responsibilities (e.g., to take care of oneself and others). Power-holders can be more or less aware of either of these two sides of power. In other words, high power can be construed (i.e., perceived) differently: as an opportunity or as a responsibility. How power is construed should, in turn, meaningfully impact the sensitivity to others in attention and behavior: Power construed as opportunity implies the experience of freedom and the possibilities to pursue one's current goals. As a consequence, power-holders construing their power as an opportunity should especially focus on and implement action towards the goal at hand (e.g., a current task), at the same time ignoring others' situation. In contrast, power construed as responsibility implies the experience of an inner obligation to take care of, for instance, decisions and those lower in power, in line with relevant standards (e.g., to act in an ethical manner). As such, power construed as responsibility should facilitate sensitivity to others. The present project tests this assumption by integrating construal of power into theories on social power. In doing so, we also investigate self-regulatory mechanisms (i.e., self-regulatory mode and implemental/deliberative mindset) and a moderator (i.e., positive/negative feedback) that may bring about these effects on sensitivity towards others. The project proposes and tests a theoretical framework that, for the first time, explains both potential positive and negative social implications of power.

许多社会关系的特点是社会权力：一些个人对其他个人所依赖的资源(例如，金钱、信息)具有不对称的控制。这适用于社会、学术界、公共机构和其他组织。一个强大的职位如何改变社会行为？媒体和公众讨论经常显示社会权力是一种腐败力量：掌权者似乎经常为了自己的目的(例如，为了个人利益)滥用权力，而忽视了他们对他人的责任。来自权力研究的大量证据支持这一观点：通过提供相对的自由和机会，权力似乎诱使个人采取相当自私的行动。然而，也有许多掌权者似乎对他人高度敏感，对下属很体贴。初步证据确实表明，权力有时可以负责任地行使，从而促进与下属的有效合作。这突出了负责任地使用权力以确保组织业绩和社会关系运作的重要性。然而，直到今天，还缺乏一种理论和实证方法来解释权力持有者何时以及如何对他人变得敏感。本研究提案解决了这一差距。社会权力(即对他人结果的不对称控制)为权力持有者提供了机会(例如，确保个人利益)和责任(例如，照顾自己和他人)。权力持有者或多或少都会意识到权力的这两面。换句话说，高权力可以被不同地解释(即，被感知)：是机会还是责任。对权力的理解反过来又应该有意义地影响对他人注意力和行为的敏感性：被理解为机会的权力意味着对自由的体验和追求当前目标的可能性。因此，当权者将自己的权力视为一次机会时，应特别关注手头的目标(例如，当前的任务)并采取行动，同时忽视他人的处境。相比之下，被解释为责任的权力意味着经历了一种内在义务，即按照相关标准(例如，以道德方式行事)照顾决策和那些权力较低的决策。因此，被解释为责任的权力应该有助于对他人的敏感。本研究通过将对权力的解读整合到关于社会权力的理论中来检验这一假设。在此过程中，我们还研究了自我调节机制(即自我调节模式和工具/商议心态)和可能对他人敏感性产生这些影响的调节因素(即正/负反馈)。该项目提出并测试了一个理论框架，首次解释了权力的潜在积极和消极社会影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The Burden of Power: Construing Power as Responsibility (Rather Than as Opportunity) Alters Threat-Challenge Responses

DOI：
10.1177/0146167218757452
发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
影响因子：
4
作者：
Annika Scholl;Frank R C de Wit;N. Ellemers;Adam K. Fetterman;K. Sassenberg;D. Scheepers
通讯作者：
Annika Scholl;Frank R C de Wit;N. Ellemers;Adam K. Fetterman;K. Sassenberg;D. Scheepers

Responsible power-holders: when and for what the powerful may assume responsibility.

负责任的当权者：当权者何时以及为何可以承担责任