The psychological implications of co-opetition

合作竞争的心理影响

• 批准号: 509427346
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Kai Sassenberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie (ZPID)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/509427346?language=en
• 关键词: psychological; implications; co; opetition

Laypeople tend to perceive cooperation and competition as opposite poles of one dimension. Psychological research often compares situations that suggest cooperation (because they are characterized by positive interdependence) with situations that suggest competition (because they are characterized by negative interdependence). However, many real-world situations involve positive and negative interdependence between people. For example, employees on a team must cooperate while competing for promotion or recognition from superiors, or team athletes practice together while competing for a place on the team in the next game. Such situations, which require cooperation and competition simultaneously, are called co-opetition. In recent years, the management literature has extensively addressed the implementation and economic effects of inter-firm co-opetition. However, the psychological effects of co-opetition have hardly been studied. This project aims to contribute to closing this gap. The focus is on the effects of co-opetition on human information processing. More specifically, three goals are pursued: (1) Given the conflicting demands associated with co-opetition, co-opetition should lead to increased cognitive flexibility. We investigate whether this is the case and which form of flexibility is affected by co-opetition. (2) Cognitive flexibility can help avoid biases in decision making. For instance, it may contribute to the avoidance of stereotyping and confirmation bias. Based on this, the purpose here is to examine whether co-opetition contributes to avoiding biases in decision making. (3) Previous research on co-opetition (including the work planned here on Objectives 1 & 2) has mainly examined its effect on information processing in subsequent situations (so-called carry-over or mindset effects). The aim here is to test whether flexibility is higher and biases in information processing are lower in a situation characterized by co-opetition. We plan to conduct three series with 13 online and laboratory experiments to achieve these goals. In each experiment, we will compare the outcomes of co-opetition to those of (a) competition, (b) cooperation, and (c) a performance situation without positive or negative interdependence. The insights gained will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of everyday situations characterized by co-opetition. Potential follow-up projects should especially investigate the long-term effects of co-opetition in every day (work) life.

外行人倾向于将合作和竞争视为一个维度的相反极点。心理学研究经常比较表明合作（因为它们以积极相互依赖的特征）与暗示竞争的情况（因为它们的特征是负相互依赖性）。但是，许多现实世界中的情况涉及人们之间的积极和消极的相互依存。例如，团队中的员工必须在竞争上级晋升或认可的同时合作，或者团队运动员一起练习，同时在下一场比赛中争夺团队的位置。这种情况需要同时合作和竞争，称为合作。近年来，管理文献已广泛解决了企业间合作的实施和经济影响。但是，几乎没有研究合作的心理影响。该项目旨在缩小这一差距。重点是合作对人类信息处理的影响。更具体地说，要实现三个目标：（1）鉴于与合作相关的矛盾要求，合作应导致认知灵活性提高。我们研究了是否是这种情况以及哪种形式的灵活性受合作的影响。 （2）认知灵活性可以帮助避免决策的偏见。例如，这可能有助于避免刻板印象和确认偏见。基于此，此处的目的是检查合作是否有助于避免决策中的偏见。 （3）以前关于合作的研究（包括在目标1和2上计划的工作）主要检查了其对随后情况下信息处理的影响（所谓的随身携带或心态效应）。这里的目的是测试灵活性是否更高，并且在以合作为特征的情况下，信息处理中的偏见较低。我们计划通过13个在线和实验室实验进行三个系列，以实现这些目标。在每个实验中，我们将将合作的结果与（a）竞争，（b）合作以及（c）没有正相互依存的性能情况进行比较。获得的见解将有助于更好地理解以合作方式为特征的日常情况的影响。潜在的后续项目应特别研究每天（工作）生活中合作的长期影响。