Political Science Research Infrastructure: Comparative Study of Electoral Systems

选举制度比较研究（CSES）是全球50多个国家选举研究的国际合作项目。它代表了一个全球协调的比较项目，研究不同制度条件下的选举行为。通过在全国选举时系统地收集可比较的调查和相关的制度背景信息，然后将结果数据免费提供给学术界，它为制度约束和塑造选举行为和民主态度的方式的比较研究提供了独特的资源。CSES是一个协同调查和宏观数据收集和分发项目。它作为规划、合并成单一档案和分发(a)通过合作开发的十分钟模块收集的调查数据的机制，作为每个国家定期调查研究的一部分进行相同的管理；(b)通常编码的受访者的社会和经济背景变量；(c)协同指定关于每个国家政府和选举制度、政党和候选人的相关特征的宏观数据。CSES无意支持任何单个国家的数据收集。相反，它提供了协作的基础设施，使项目得以存在。具体而言，CSES是设计调查模块和指定要收集的宏观数据的协作机制；创建可电子访问的合并数据集、文件和每个参加国个别提交的有关材料档案的机构；也是参与国（和潜在参与国）之间交流的媒介——因此，也是跨国研究的促进者。CSES的微观和宏观数据集一经处理就立即提供给研究界。CSES的一大优点是它作为“大科学”的效率。所有收集数据的直接费用均由个别参与项目承担，然后由个别参与项目免费将数据提交社会调查中心，以便纳入比较数据集。因此，只需要为项目的集中职能提供资金，包括向社发规划委员会提供组织和行政支助，以设计和分发模块，并确保尽可能多的国家以适当方式管理模块；担任该项目的首席新闻办公室，包括在设计和分发模块方面向社发规划委员会提供组织和行政支助，并确保尽可能多的国家以适当的方式管理模块；担任该项目的首席新闻办公室，包括协助参与国解决其管理方面的问题；根据参加国提交的文件编制和分发合并的数据集和文件文件；维护项目的辅助档案；维护作为CSES档案主要存放地点的CSES网站，包括进一步发展其国际合作能力。

The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) is an international collaboration of more than 50 national election studies across the world. It represents a globally coordinated comparative project to study electoral behavior under varying institutional conditions. By collecting systematically comparable survey and associated institutional context information at the time of national elections and then making the resulting data freely available to the scholarly community, it provides a unique resource for comparative research on the ways in which institutions constrain and shape electoral behavior and attitudes toward democracy.CSES is a collaborative-survey and macro-data collection and distribution project. It serves as the mechanism for planning, merging into a single file, and distributing (a) survey data collected through a collaboratively developed ten-minute module administered identically as part of each country's regular survey study; (b) commonly coded social and economic background variables of the respondents; and (c) collaboratively specified macro-data on relevant characteristics of each country's government and electoral system, their political parties, and the candidates. CSES in not intended to support any individual country's data collection. Rather it provides the infrastructure for collaboration that allows the project to exist. Specifically, CSES is the mechanism for collaboration in designing the survey modules and specifying the macro-data to be collected; the agency for creating electronically-accessible merged data sets, documentation, and an archive of related material from the individual submissions of each participating country; and the medium of communication among participating (and potentially participating) countries-and thus, a facilitator of cross-national research. The CSES micro-and macro-datasets are made available to the research community immediately once they have been processed.One of the great virtues of CSES is its efficiency as "big science." All direct costs of data collection are borne by the individual participating projects which then submit the data at no cost to CSES for inclusion in the comparative dataset. As a result, funding is only needed for the centralized functions of the project, including providing organizational and administrative support to the CSES Planning Committee in designing and distributing the modules and making sure that as many countries as possible administer the module in the appropriate way; serving as the chief information office of the project, including providing organizational and administrative support to the CSES Planning Committee in designing and distributing the modules and making sure that as many countries as possible administer the module in the appropriate way; serving as the chief information office of the project, including assisting participating countries with questions they have regarding its administration; creating and distributing the merged data set and documentation files from the submissions of the participating countries; maintaining an auxiliary archive of the project; and maintaining the CSES web site, which is the primary location of the CSES archive, including further developing its capacities for international collaboration.