Political Science Research Infrastructure: Comparative Study of Electoral Systems

选举制度比较研究(CSES)是由世界各地50多个国家的选举研究组成的国际合作组织。它代表着一个全球协调的比较项目，旨在研究不同制度条件下的选举行为。通过系统地收集全国选举时的可比调查和相关机构背景信息，然后将结果数据免费提供给学术界，它为比较研究机构约束和塑造选举行为和对民主的态度的方式提供了独特的资源。CSES是一个合作调查和宏观数据收集和分发项目。它作为一种机制，用于规划、合并成单一文件，并分发：(A)通过合作开发的10分钟模块收集的调查数据，作为各国定期调查研究的一部分，管理相同；(B)受访者共同编码的社会和经济背景变量；(C)关于每个国家政府和选举制度、其政党和候选人的相关特征的协作指定的宏观数据。CSE并不是为了支持任何单个国家的数据收集。相反，它为协作提供了基础设施，使项目得以存在。具体地说，CSE是在设计调查模块和指定要收集的宏观数据方面进行合作的机制；是从每个参与国的单独提交的材料中创建电子可访问的合并数据集、文件和相关材料档案的机构；以及参与国(和可能的参与国)之间的交流媒介--因此，是跨国研究的促进者。CSE的微观和宏观数据集一旦处理完毕，就会立即提供给研究界。CSE的一大优点是它作为“大科学”的效率。数据收集的所有直接费用由个别参与项目承担，这些项目然后免费向CSE提交数据，以便纳入比较数据集中。因此，只需要为项目的集中职能提供资金，包括向企业社会企业规划委员会提供设计和分发模块的组织和行政支助，并确保尽可能多的国家以适当的方式管理模块；作为项目的首席信息办公室，包括为企业企业规划委员会设计和分发模块提供组织和行政支助，并确保尽可能多的国家以适当的方式管理模块；作为项目的首席信息办公室，包括协助参与国提出有关其管理的问题；从参与国提交的材料中创建和分发合并后的数据集和文件文件；维持项目的辅助档案；维护企业社会服务网站，这是企业社会服务档案的主要位置，包括进一步发展其国际合作能力。

The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) is an international collaboration of more than 50 national election studies across the world. It represents a globally coordinated comparative project to study electoral behavior under varying institutional conditions. By collecting systematically comparable survey and associated institutional context information at the time of national elections and then making the resulting data freely available to the scholarly community, it provides a unique resource for comparative research on the ways in which institutions constrain and shape electoral behavior and attitudes toward democracy.CSES is a collaborative-survey and macro-data collection and distribution project. It serves as the mechanism for planning, merging into a single file, and distributing (a) survey data collected through a collaboratively developed ten-minute module administered identically as part of each country's regular survey study; (b) commonly coded social and economic background variables of the respondents; and (c) collaboratively specified macro-data on relevant characteristics of each country's government and electoral system, their political parties, and the candidates. CSES in not intended to support any individual country's data collection. Rather it provides the infrastructure for collaboration that allows the project to exist. Specifically, CSES is the mechanism for collaboration in designing the survey modules and specifying the macro-data to be collected; the agency for creating electronically-accessible merged data sets, documentation, and an archive of related material from the individual submissions of each participating country; and the medium of communication among participating (and potentially participating) countries-and thus, a facilitator of cross-national research. The CSES micro-and macro-datasets are made available to the research community immediately once they have been processed.One of the great virtues of CSES is its efficiency as "big science." All direct costs of data collection are borne by the individual participating projects which then submit the data at no cost to CSES for inclusion in the comparative dataset. As a result, funding is only needed for the centralized functions of the project, including providing organizational and administrative support to the CSES Planning Committee in designing and distributing the modules and making sure that as many countries as possible administer the module in the appropriate way; serving as the chief information office of the project, including providing organizational and administrative support to the CSES Planning Committee in designing and distributing the modules and making sure that as many countries as possible administer the module in the appropriate way; serving as the chief information office of the project, including assisting participating countries with questions they have regarding its administration; creating and distributing the merged data set and documentation files from the submissions of the participating countries; maintaining an auxiliary archive of the project; and maintaining the CSES web site, which is the primary location of the CSES archive, including further developing its capacities for international collaboration.