Improving Design Fitness by Applying Tolerance Analysis, Methods Knowledge and Set-Based Design

摘要建议：CMS-0116877 PI：Iris Tomorrow in机构：加州伯克利大学日期：2001年7月22日摘要：通过应用公差分析、方法知识和基于集合的设计来提高设计适应性AEC从业者和学者缺乏描述公差的词汇和概念。公差--广泛用于表示与设计和计划的点解决方案的任何差异--会显著影响行业性能。这种缺乏反映在AEC实践，教学和软件工具中，包括用于4D CAD建模的工具，这些工具在反映替代未来方面是不够的。为了缓解这一问题，本研究正在研究如何通过应用新的原则与软件解决方案相结合来降低公差带来的性能风险。其中一些原则已经应用于制造业。它们涉及应用分布式基于集合的设计，以提高整个项目生命周期的设计适应性，并根据生产方法的能力分析公差的分配。与AEC行业通常使用的合同方法来分配风险相比，本研究正在研究使设计和进度表更加稳健的方法，以便更好地承受冲击。在这种情况下，设计广义上是指产品本身的开发（即，狭义上的设计），而且还涉及生产（制造，装配和施工），运营，维护和退役过程的开发。适应性表示设计和进度（产品和过程）在坚持项目目标的同时承受公差和相应更改的影响的能力。研究任务是识别和分类影响AEC产品/过程开发的各种公差。案例研究将说明并帮助评估它们如何阻碍系统性能。对于每一个容忍度，关键的研究问题是“哪个项目利益相关者处于管理该容忍度的最佳位置？“研究的目的是开发一个公差分配系统。需要一种方法来确定公差在产品/过程开发工作中的何处和何时产生影响，并相应地决定如何最好地管理这种情况。研究成果还包括：对现有软件工具及其在建模公差方面的表现力进行审查;如果合适，为新软件功能制定指导方针;制定一种方法，用于捕获允许替代未来的产品和过程决策;以及决策支持系统，用于在项目利益相关者之间权衡多个目标，以衡量设计适合性。

ABSTRACTProposal: CMS-0116877PI: Iris TommeleinInstitution: University of California at BerkeleyDate: July 22, 2001Abstract: Improving Design Fitness by Applying Tolerance Analysis, Methods Knowledge, and Set-Based DesignAEC practitioners as well as academics lack a vocabulary and conceptualization to describe tolerances. Tolerances--used broadly to denote any variation from the point solution that was designed and planned--significantly affect industry performance. This lack is reflected in AEC practices, teachings, and software tools, including those for 4D CAD modeling, which are inadequate in terms of reflecting alternative futures. To alleviate this problem, this research is investigating how performance risk due to tolerances can be reduced through the application of new principles combined with software solutions. Some of these principles have already been applied in manufacturing. They involve the application of distributed set-based design for improving design fitness throughout the project life cycle and analysis of the allocation of tolerances based on production method capabilities. In contrast to contractual approaches that are commonly used in the AEC industry to allocate risk, this research is investigating means for making designs and schedules more robust, so they will withstand impact better. Design in this context broadly refers to the development of the product itself (i.e., design in the narrow sense) but also to the development of processes for production (manufacturing, fabrication, and construction), operations, maintenance, and decommissioning. Fitness denotes the ability of a design and a schedule (product and process) to withstand the impact of tolerances and the corresponding changes while adhering to project goals. The research tasks are to identify and classify various kinds of tolerances affecting AEC product/process development. Case studies will illustrate and help assess how they impede system performance. For each tolerance, the key research question is "Which project stakeholder(s) is (are) in the best position to manage that tolerance?" The objective of the research is to develop a system for tolerance allocation. A method is needed to decide where and when in the product/process development effort the tolerance has an impact, and correspondingly, to decide how this situation is best managed. Research outputs also include: a review of existing software tools and their expressiveness with respect to modeling tolerances; if appropriate, development of guidelines for new software capabilities; a methodology for capturing product and process decisions that allow for alternative futures; and a decision support system to trade off multiple objectives between project stakeholders in order to gauge design fitness.