Improving Design Fitness by Applying Tolerance Analysis, Methods Knowledge and Set-Based Design

Proposal：CMS-0116877PI：Iris Tommelein Institution：加州大学伯克利分校：2001年7月22日摘要：通过应用公差分析、方法知识和基于集合的设计来改善设计适合性AEC实践者和学者缺乏描述公差的词汇和概念。公差--广泛用于表示与设计和计划的点解决方案相比的任何变化--显著影响行业绩效。这种缺乏反映在AEC实践、教学和软件工具上，包括那些用于4D CAD建模的工具，这些工具在反映替代未来方面是不充分的。为了缓解这一问题，本研究正在研究如何通过将新原则与软件解决方案相结合的应用来降低由于容差而导致的性能风险。其中一些原则已经在制造业中得到了应用。其中包括应用分布式基于集合的设计来改进整个项目生命周期中的设计适应性，以及基于生产方法能力分析公差的分配。与AEC行业通常使用的分配风险的合同方法不同，这项研究正在研究使设计和进度计划更可靠的方法，以便它们能够更好地抵御冲击。本文中的设计广义上指产品本身的开发(即狭义的设计)，但也指生产(制造、制造和建造)、运营、维护和退役过程的开发。适应性是指设计和进度表(产品和过程)在遵守项目目标的同时承受公差和相应变化的影响的能力。研究任务是识别和分类影响AEC产品/工艺开发的各种公差。案例研究将说明并帮助评估它们如何阻碍系统性能。对于每个容忍度，关键的研究问题是“哪个项目利益相关者(S)最适合管理这种容忍度？”本研究的目的是开发一套公差分配系统。需要一种方法来确定容差在产品/过程开发工作中何时何地产生影响，并相应地决定如何最好地管理这种情况。研究成果还包括：审查现有软件工具及其在建模公差方面的表达能力；如果适当，为新的软件能力制定指导方针；获取产品和过程决策的方法，以实现替代未来；以及决策支持系统，在项目利益相关者之间权衡多个目标，以衡量设计的适合性。

ABSTRACTProposal: CMS-0116877PI: Iris TommeleinInstitution: University of California at BerkeleyDate: July 22, 2001Abstract: Improving Design Fitness by Applying Tolerance Analysis, Methods Knowledge, and Set-Based DesignAEC practitioners as well as academics lack a vocabulary and conceptualization to describe tolerances. Tolerances--used broadly to denote any variation from the point solution that was designed and planned--significantly affect industry performance. This lack is reflected in AEC practices, teachings, and software tools, including those for 4D CAD modeling, which are inadequate in terms of reflecting alternative futures. To alleviate this problem, this research is investigating how performance risk due to tolerances can be reduced through the application of new principles combined with software solutions. Some of these principles have already been applied in manufacturing. They involve the application of distributed set-based design for improving design fitness throughout the project life cycle and analysis of the allocation of tolerances based on production method capabilities. In contrast to contractual approaches that are commonly used in the AEC industry to allocate risk, this research is investigating means for making designs and schedules more robust, so they will withstand impact better. Design in this context broadly refers to the development of the product itself (i.e., design in the narrow sense) but also to the development of processes for production (manufacturing, fabrication, and construction), operations, maintenance, and decommissioning. Fitness denotes the ability of a design and a schedule (product and process) to withstand the impact of tolerances and the corresponding changes while adhering to project goals. The research tasks are to identify and classify various kinds of tolerances affecting AEC product/process development. Case studies will illustrate and help assess how they impede system performance. For each tolerance, the key research question is "Which project stakeholder(s) is (are) in the best position to manage that tolerance?" The objective of the research is to develop a system for tolerance allocation. A method is needed to decide where and when in the product/process development effort the tolerance has an impact, and correspondingly, to decide how this situation is best managed. Research outputs also include: a review of existing software tools and their expressiveness with respect to modeling tolerances; if appropriate, development of guidelines for new software capabilities; a methodology for capturing product and process decisions that allow for alternative futures; and a decision support system to trade off multiple objectives between project stakeholders in order to gauge design fitness.