Smart Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Hydrothermal Vent Systems

用于热液喷口系统原位监测的智能传感器

• 批准号: 0119999
• 负责人: Karl Booksh
• 金额: $ 240.17万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0119999&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Smart; Sensors; Situ; Monitoring; Hydrothermal

AbstractSmart Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Hydrothermal Vent Systems.Proposal: 0119999 Date: June 27, 2001PI: Booksh Institution: Arizona State UniversityThis project is supported by the program Biocomplexity in the Environment, subprogram Instrumentation Development for Environmental Activities (BE-IDEA). The objective of this project is to develop a suite of five sensors designed for in situ analysis of the ecosystem in and around hydrothermal deep-sea vents. This ecosystem may be one of the most ancient of Earth and have had a long-term effect on global geochemical cycles, yet it is one of the least well understood. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems are in a turbulent state of disequilibrium with large gradients of thermal and chemical energy. Along this thermal/chemical gradient a complex ecosystem of tube worms, thermophilic microbes, and specially adapted crustaceans and fish survive The sensors are chosen that best monitor the physical, chemical, and biological environment of the vent ecosystem to better understand the inter-relationship between this unique environment and the life that it supports. The development of in situ chemical sensors will provide a significant advancement in the state of the art of hydrothermal vent monitoring. We will employ a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor integrated with a thermocouple and conductivity sensor to better measure the density hydrothermal vent fluid and salinity of the seawater surrounding the vent. Fiber optic SPR sensors can be made sufficiently small and sensitive to probe the vent fluid/sea water gradient where many thermophilic microbes reside. A fiber optic coupled grating light reflectance spectroscopy (GLRS) sensor will be employed to monitor the size distribution and relative abundance of mineral precipitates that form during the mixing of vent fluid and sea water. This precipitate forms the vent chimney walls where most microbes reside. Fiber optic Raman spectroscopy probes will be tested to detect trace organic molecules that may be forming biotically or abiotically in the vent fluid. Raman spectroscopy will also be tested to survey the mineral and microbial distribution on the vent walls. An ambient pressure driven liquid chromatography-Raman spectroscopy system will be developed to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy to simple organic molecules that may serve as food for or originate as waste from microbes in the vent ecosystem. Sensitivity enhancement will come from novel waveguide technology that has been demonstrated to push Raman detection limits to low ppb for simple alcohols. Finally, a fiber optic, single measurement excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorometer will be adapted to detect and characterize larger biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, and DNA fragments that may prove indicative of biological activity in the vent ecosystem Each of the proposed sensors has been previously developed past the proof of concept stage for environmental or industrial process monitoring. The project will adapt and test the sensors for the more challenging application of deep sea vent monitoring. The sensors represent a promising technology that fills a large need in the oceanographic/ life in extreme environments community. If the proposed NEPTUNE network of deep-sea research nodes were built, these sensors would be ideal for long-term field deployment. Successful development of these sensors would lead to expansion of the technology for other biological and environmental process monitoring applications.

用于原位监测热液通风系统的摘要MART传感器。PROPOSAS：0119999日期：2001年6月27日：Booksh Institution：Arizona State University this Insiversity this Insupertion this Program在环境中的生物复杂性，环境环境活动的子计划仪器开发（BE-IDEA）（BE-IDEA）。该项目的目的是开发一套由五个传感器组成的套件，该套件旨在在水热深海通风口内和周围的生态系统进行原位分析。该生态系统可能是地球上最古老的生态系统之一，并且对全球地球化学周期产生了长期影响，但它是最不理解的。水热通风生态系统处于不平衡状态，具有大量的热和化学能梯度。沿着这种热/化学梯度，选择了一个复杂的管蠕虫，嗜热微生物以及特别适应的甲壳类动物和鱼类的生态系统，可以选择传感器，以最好地监测通风孔生态系统的物理，化学和生物学环境，以更好地了解这种独特的环境与生活所支持的独特环境之间的相互关系。原位化学传感器的开发将在水热监测的最新状态下取得重大进步。我们将使用与热电偶和电导率传感器集成的基于光纤表面等离子体共振（SPR）传感器，以更好地测量通风口周围海水的密度水热通风液和盐度。光纤SPR传感器可以变得足够小且敏感，以探测许多嗜热微生物的排气流体/海水梯度。将使用光纤耦合光反射光谱（GLR）传感器来监测在通风液和海水混合过程中形成的矿物沉淀物的尺寸分布和相对丰度。这种沉淀形成了大多数微生物居住的通风烟囱壁。光纤拉曼光谱探针将进行测试，以检测可能在通风液中生物或非生物形成的痕量有机分子。拉曼光谱学还将进行测试，以调查排气壁上的矿物质和微生物分布。将开发环境压力驱动的液相色谱 - 拉曼光谱系统，以增强拉曼光谱对简单有机分子的选择性和敏感性，这些有机分子可以用作食物或起源于通风生态系统中的微生物的废物。敏感性增强将来自新型的波导技术，该技术已被证明可将拉曼检测限制推向简单醇的低PPB。 Finally, a fiber optic, single measurement excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorometer will be adapted to detect and characterize larger biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, and DNA fragments that may prove indicative of biological activity in the vent ecosystem Each of the proposed sensors has been previously developed past the proof of concept stage for environmental or industrial process monitoring.该项目将适应和测试传感器，以使深海通风口监测更具挑战性。这些传感器代表了一种有前途的技术，该技术满足了极端环境社区中海洋学/生活的巨大需求。如果构建了拟议的深海研究节点的海王星网络，这些传感器将是长期现场部署的理想选择。这些传感器的成功开发将导致该技术扩大其他生物学和环境过程监测应用程序。