Algebraic and Stochastic Models of Structures Arising in Utility Theory and Psychophysics

效用理论和心理物理学中出现的结构的代数和随机模型

• 批准号: 0136431
• 负责人: R. Duncan Luce
• 金额: $ 21万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-15 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0136431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Algebraic; Stochastic; Models; Structures; Arising

This research continues and extends earlier theoretical work of the investigator and of collaborator A. A. J. Marley on the measurement of psychological attributes such as the utility of goods and the subjective intensity of physical signals such as lights or sounds. The research will describe the underlying structure of independent variables that affect the attribute in such algebraic terms as (1) the ordering by "subjectively greater than," (2) operations like being presented with two goods or stimuli at once or in quick succession, (3) treatments of stimuli as deviations from the status quo in utility or from threshold in psychophysics, and (4) use of judgements of "ratios of intervals" similar to those found in magnitude production methods. This project will account for violations of dominance, such as the utility of gambling per se, peculiarities of mixed gambles of gains and losses, and various principles to extend the theory from binary gambles to general ones. The project also will attempt to generalize some of the algebraic theories to probabilistic versions.Utility models are extensively used in providing advice to decision makers and subjective expected utility also is a key part of Bayesian statistical methods. Sensory measurement is used widely in a variety of industrial settings. Yet these applications are based primarily on empirical generalizations whose theoretical basis has recently been brought into doubt. This project will advance theory and methods in many application areas. It also will further the development of a probabilistic version of fundamental measurement theory, thereby expanding the value of this approach for many social and behavioral science inquiries.

这项研究继续并扩展了研究者和合作者A. A. J. Marley的早期理论工作，以测量心理属性，例如商品效用以及诸如灯光或声音之类的物理信号的主观强度。 这项研究将描述以（1）“主观上大于主观上大于”（2）操作，例如，（2）诸如刺激的刺激偏差的偏差相似，（3）在心理学中的差异，（3）（3），（3）在心理学中的偏差和（4）（4）（4）（3），（2）（3），（2）（3）（3）（3）（3），（3）操作的操作类似，（3）在幅度生产方法中发现的那些。 该项目将解释违反主导地位的行为，例如赌博本身的效用，收获和损失的混合赌博的特殊性以及将理论从二进制赌博扩展到一般的各种原则。 该项目还将尝试将一些代数理论推广到概率版本。耐用性模型广泛用于向决策者提供建议，主观预期效用也是贝叶斯统计方法的关键部分。 感官测量在各种工业环境中广泛使用。 然而，这些应用主要基于经验概括，其理论基础最近受到怀疑。 该项目将在许多应用领域推进理论和方法。 它还将进一步发展基本测量理论的概率版本，从而扩大这种方法对许多社会和行为科学询问的价值。