Empirical and Theoretical Studies of Psychophysical Phenomona

心理物理现象的实证和理论研究

• 批准号: 0720288
• 负责人: R. Duncan Luce
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0720288&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Empirical; Theoretical; Studies; Psychophysical; Phenomona

In studying sensory experience, a primary goal is to describe explicitly how sensations relate to the underlying physical stimuli. Although both physical stimuli and a person's behavioral responses are relatively easy to observe, a preeminent problem is to gain a handle on the unobservable intervening sensation. For example, if a patient judges a pain to be 4 on a 10-point scale, is that twice as much pain as a 2? Or, if two people judge a pain to be 4, how can we compare their experiences? For more than a century, these general issues have been studied intensely. Despite that long history and considerable progress, the problems are still far from completely solved, in part, because much past research has not been expressed in the form of testable foundational assumptions, formulated as explicit mathematical laws. The elaboration and testing of such is pivotal to progress in many areas of psychological science. With support of the National Science Foundation, Drs. Duncan Luce, Louis Narens, and Ragnar Steingrimsson will continue their work in establishing a general, empirically-based, mathematically-expressed foundation of psychological measurement. In particular, the investigators will apply their general approach to the study of sensations. Experiments in both the auditory and visual domains will be used to evaluate the adequacy of behavioral axioms and, thus, of the numerical representations derived from them. The research extends their theoretical and empirical work to several topics including the effects of temporal or spatial order of stimulus presentation, sequential effects, and evaluating how observations obtained using different methodologies are related. An important aspect is the adequacy with which representations can accommodate individual differences without any statistical fitting of unspecified functions and free parameters. Successful progress on this program promises much unification of now separate theories, notably those involving intensity, frequency, and presentation order, and theories that treat those in a domain-specific fashion, and the relations between and evaluation of different methodologies.

在研究感官体验时，主要目标是明确描述感觉如何与潜在的物理刺激相关。尽管物理刺激和人的行为反应都相对容易观察，但一个突出的问题是控制不可观察的干预感觉。例如，如果患者将疼痛按 10 分制评定为 4 级，那么该疼痛是否是 2 级疼痛的两倍？或者，如果两个人判断疼痛为 4，我们如何比较他们的经历？一个多世纪以来，人们对这些普遍问题进行了深入研究。尽管有着悠久的历史和相当大的进步，但这些问题仍然远未完全解决，部分原因是过去的许多研究并未以可检验的基本假设的形式表达，并被表述为明确的数学定律。对此的阐述和测试对于心理科学许多领域的进步至关重要。在国家科学基金会的支持下，博士。邓肯·卢斯 (Duncan Luce)、路易斯·纳伦斯 (Louis Narens) 和拉格纳·斯坦格里姆森 (Ragnar Steingrimsson) 将继续致力于建立一个通用的、基于经验的、数学表达的心理测量基础。特别是，研究人员将应用他们的一般方法来研究感觉。听觉和视觉领域的实验将用于评估行为公理的充分性，以及由此得出的数字表示的充分性。 该研究将他们的理论和实证工作扩展到几个主题，包括刺激呈现的时间或空间顺序的影响、顺序效应，以及评估使用不同方法获得的观察结果之间的关系。一个重要的方面是表示能够充分适应个体差异，而无需对未指定的函数和自由参数进行任何统计拟合。该计划的成功进展有望使现在独立的理论得到很大程度的统一，特别是那些涉及强度、频率和呈现顺序的理论，以及以特定领域的方式处理这些理论的理论，以及不同方法之间的关系和评估。