Development of Ultra-High Speed Detectors to Study the Physics of Turbulence

开发用于研究湍流物理的超高速探测器

• 批准号: 0216406
• 负责人: Eberhard Bodenschatz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Ultra; Speed; Detectors; Study

Particle tracking in turbulent flows requires very high temporal (approx. 100,000Hz) and spatial resolution imaging detection systems (512 x 512 pixels). Such a system generates data at very high rates, which need to be transferred, stored, and analyzed. In addition three-dimensional tracking of many particles requires the simultaneous stereoscopic imaging by four cameras. Traditional detector technology cannot handle the resulting onslaught of data ( 26 gigabytes of data per second per camera) that would need to be streamed into memory and stored for further processing. Here, we will develop the next generation, ultra-high speed, high-resolution particle tracking instrumentation for following the motion of approximately 300 minute tracer particles in three dimensions with a temporal resolution of 100,000Hz. This new system will be two orders of magnitude faster than any existing conventional imaging system of comparable spatial resolution. The instrument will be based on stereoscopic imaging with four ultra-high-speed, high-resolution pixel array detectors (PAD) that will be developed at Cornell. Each PAD has 1024x512 "intelligent" pixels. The development of the uniquely designed PAD detectors, the data acquisition system, and the data analysis software will result in a technological breakthrough for the Lagrangian analysis of high Reynolds number turbulent flows. Fully developed turbulence is ubiquitous. Virtually all engineering and naturally occurring flows (e.g., atmospheric, oceanographic, and astrophysical flows ) involve high Reynolds number turbulence. The transport and mixing properties of turbulence ultimately impact our daily lives. In systems from the mixing and chemical reactions in a turbulent burner or internal combustion engine to the transport of pollutants (or bioagents) in the atmosphere, or even the "simple" mixing of milk into a coffee cup, the understanding of turbulence is essential. It is clear that many aspects of turbulence are best studied by following the motion of fluid particles. The difficulty of tracking particles in high Reynolds number turbulence has thus far made it impossible to test many long-standing predictions. This project represents a major step to confront this issue. The detection and analysis system to be developed will simultaneously follow 300 particles at a rate of 100,000 pictures per second. (A standard TV camera takes 30 pictures per second.) This high speed will be achieved by using pixel array technology in which each pixel has local intelligence. Data of this kind will enable theoretical advances in a number of important applications such as scalar mixing and cloud formation. Moreover, the technology, once developed, is likely to impact broader fields than can not be envisioned at this time. For example, tracking of particles is at the heart of a number of environmental problems (e.g., contaminant or bioagent dispersion). A successful PAD fabrication will likely result in more sensor chips than needed for this study. Many of these chips would be made available to the larger community.

湍流中的颗粒跟踪需要非常高的时间（约100秒）。100，000Hz）和空间分辨率成像检测系统（512 x 512像素）。这样的系统以非常高的速率生成数据，这些数据需要被传输、存储和分析。此外，许多颗粒的三维跟踪需要四个摄像机同时进行立体成像。 传统的探测器技术无法处理由此产生的数据冲击（每个摄像头每秒26千兆字节的数据），这些数据需要流入内存并存储以供进一步处理。 在这里，我们将开发下一代超高速，高分辨率的粒子跟踪仪器，用于跟踪大约300分钟的示踪粒子在三维空间中的运动，时间分辨率为100，000 Hz。这个新系统将比任何现有的具有可比空间分辨率的传统成像系统快两个数量级。该仪器将基于立体成像与四个超高速，高分辨率像素阵列探测器（PAD），将在康奈尔大学开发。 每个PAD具有1024x512“智能”像素。独特设计的PAD探测器、数据采集系统和数据分析软件的开发将导致高雷诺数湍流的拉格朗日分析的技术突破。 充分发展的湍流是普遍存在的。 几乎所有的工程和自然发生的流动（例如，大气、海洋和天体物理流动）涉及高雷诺数湍流。湍流的传输和混合特性最终会影响我们的日常生活。从湍流燃烧器或内燃机中的混合和化学反应到大气中污染物（或生物制剂）的传输，甚至是将牛奶“简单”混合到咖啡杯中，对湍流的理解至关重要。很明显，湍流的许多方面最好通过跟踪流体粒子的运动来研究。在高雷诺数湍流中跟踪颗粒的困难使得到目前为止无法测试许多长期存在的预测。该项目是解决这一问题的一个重要步骤。即将开发的探测和分析系统将以每秒10万张图片的速度同时跟踪300个粒子。（标准电视摄像机每秒可拍摄30张照片。这种高速度将通过使用像素阵列技术来实现，其中每个像素都具有本地智能。 这类数据将使标量混合和云的形成等一些重要应用的理论进展。 此外，这项技术一旦开发出来，可能会影响到比目前无法想象的更广泛的领域。 例如，颗粒的跟踪是许多环境问题的核心（例如，污染物或生物制剂分散体）。一个成功的PAD制造可能会导致更多的传感器芯片比本研究所需的。其中许多芯片将提供给更大的社区。